Physical, Chemical and Sensory Changes in Irradiated Fresh Pork Packaged in Modified Atmosphere

The effects of irradiation dose (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kGy), headspace oxygen (0, 10 and 20% O₂, balance nitrogen) and storage temperature (5, 15 and 25°C) on the physical, chemical and sensory changes in fresh pork were studied using factorial design experiments. Irradiation in the absence of oxygen extended the sensory shelf life of pork from 9 to 26 days at 5°C and from & lt; 2 to 2 days at 25°C. Oxygen in the package headspace combined with irradiation adversely affected physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the end product.     

Efficiency of surface modified Ti coated with copper nanoparticles to control marine bacterial adhesion under laboratory simulated conditions

Titanium (Ti) used as condenser material in nuclear power plants encounter severe biofouling in marine environment which in turn affects the efficiency of the metal. To reduce the biofouling by marine microorganisms, surface modification of the Ti was carried out by anodization process to obtain nanotubes (TiO₂-NTs). The electrolyte solution containing 1% of ammonium fluoride resulted in uniform growth of TiO₂-NTs. TiO₂-NTs were further coated with chemically synthesized copper nanoparticles (NT-CuNP) using 3-amino propyl triethoxy silane as a coupling agent. NT-CuNP was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The stability of the coating was determined by the amount of Cu⁺ ions released into the surrounding using AAS. The microbial adhesion on the surface of Ti, TiO₂-NTs and NT-CuNP coupons were evaluated by sea water exposure studies using total viable count method and also characterized by FE-SEM for any morphological changes. The NT-CuNP coupons show a 60% reduction in microbial adhesion when compared to control Ti coupons.     

The impact of status and audio conferencing technology on business meetings

This field study examining the effects of organizational status and multimedia audio communications technology on communication patterns in business meetings confirms that high status group members verbally dominate discussions and have more control over the flow of the proceedings. However, it reveals a new and surprising finding: multimedia communications technology can in fact exaggerate status constraints in contrast to findings that there is no effect or an equalizing effect on status inequalities of text-based conferencing technology. It appears that in audio conferences, the lack of non-verbal cues that can aid turn-taking combined with (1) the participants' knowledge of the group's status hierarchy and (2) the tendency to compare oneself unfavourably to those of higher status, makes it more difficult for lower status individuals to contribute verbally to discussions than in face-to-face interactions. Such status constraints may have both positive and negative impacts on group communication effectiveness, these and implications for the design and implementation of multimedia communications technology are discussed.     

GENTRIFICATION AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY: COMMUNITY CONFLICT AND CASINOS

Henri Lefebvre's right to the city concept is increasingly used to challenge the development prerogatives associated with neoliberal development. These challenges are more common as gentrification becomes a global urban strategy. This article is an empirical investigation that examines competing claims to community legitimacy and authenticity in a conflict over gentrification in a Philadelphia neighborhood. This conflict emerged in Fishtown when long‐time established residents went head to head with upper‐income gentrifiers over the location of a casino in the neighborhood. Place‐based identities and the temporal connection individuals had to Fishtown contributed to the differences in perspectives on the costs and benefits of the casino and on the legitimacy of long‐time residents versus newcomers to be representative voices on behalf of Fishtown. The findings illuminate problems in applying the right to the city to neighborhood struggles when communities are divided over what constitutes a benefit to the community. The right to the city may not be a universal claim, particularly within a neoliberal urban context.     

Spice Quality: Effect of Cryogenic and Ambient Grinding on Volatiles

Interest in the production of high-quality spice products has encouraged scientists to investigate the effects of cryogenic milling on spice quality. Gas chromatographic analyses of ether extracts, direct headspace samples and traditional volatile oil determinations accompanied by sensory analyses of the spices were made to determine if cryogenically milled spices were comparable to ambiently milled spices. Results indicated that cryogenically milled spices retained more of the volatiles of the natural spice. Untrained odor panelists were able to detect differences in some ambiently and cryogenically milled spices.     

Sequence dependent set-up times and job sequencing

On many machine tools the set-up times are sequence dependent; that is, the time to set-up for the new part is dependent upon the part for -which the machine is currently set-up. In scheduling lots on the machine, the set-up time is often a significant component of the total time required to complete each lot. Set-up times are frequently not available to the production scheduler, and when they are, they frequently are only averages which conceal the sequence dependency of the set-up times. In this paper, we first develop a procedure that classifies set-up operations and predicts the set-up times and we then develop a method for sequencing the jobs so as to minimize the total set-up time. An example using real world data is used to illustrate these procedures