Spatiotemporal evolution of the El Biar landslide (Algiers): new field observation data constrained by ground-penetrating radar investigations

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment - A better understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of landslides in urban zones is a key factor in assessing the risk of future slides...     

Morphological and adhesive properties of polypyrrole films synthesized by sonoelectrochemical technique

This paper presents electrochemical synthesis of polypyrrole films under high frequency sonication. The films are characterized in terms of adhesion and surface morphology. Comparison to classical electrosynthesized polypyrrole films is made. In particular, the use of high frequency sonication (500 kHz) during electrodeposition of polypyrrole on Si was reported for the first time. Chronocoulometry was used for polymer films electrosynthesis on Si substrates. Influence of polymer thickness on the rugosity, morphology and adhesion force properties was studied. Scanning Electron Microscopy and mechanical probe profiling showed that sonication led to less rough and more homogeneous surface structure. Adhesion force properties of polypyrrole films were also studied by means of force–distance curves obtained by atomic force microscopy. For polymer films obtained in the absence of sonication, adhesion forces decreases with increase in polymer thickness. On the contrary, for polymer films obtained under sonication, the adhesion of the films decreased when the polymer thickness decreased.     

Effects of polypyrrole modified electrode functionalization on potentiometric pH responses

Two functionalized polypyrrole films, poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid and poly(N-undecylpyrrole), were used as sensitive layers for pH sensors. The functionalized pyrrole monomers were first synthesized before carrying out their electropolymerization onto non-oxidizable electrodes. The deposits were characterized by SEM imaging, XPS and PM-IRRAS to study surface structure and composition. Poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid coating yielded very promising results as sensitive layer in pH sensors. Indeed, the potentiometric responses from pH 4.0 to 9.0 appeared linear, reversible, stable in time over a period of 1 month and highly selective for H⁺ ions. This behavior was attributed to carboxylic acid groups which are sensitive to proton concentration changes. This was confirmed by the fact that poly(N-undecylpyrrole) film led to potentiometric responses being pH dependent only from pH 6.0 to 9.0 with low sensitivity. Poly(11-N-pyrrolylundecanoic) acid is thus promoted to be used as sensitive layer in pH sensors.     

干茧触蒸丝胶变性机理分析

本文从丝胶的园二色光谱分析,发现干茧经触蒸后丝胶的性质发生了改变,即茧层丝胶的分子构象由无规卷曲向β—折叠结构转化,指出丝胶变性是茧层丝胶胶着力趋于均匀,为提高生丝净度成绩的关键之一.     

Generating a Condensed Representation for Association Rules

Association rule extraction from operational datasets often produces several tens of thousands, and even millions, of association rules. Moreover, many of these rules are redundant and thus useless. Using a semantic based on the closure of the Galois connection, we define a condensed representation for association rules. This representation is characterized by frequent closed itemsets and their generators. It contains the non-redundant association rules having minimal antecedent and maximal consequent, called min-max association rules. We think that these rules are the most relevant since they are the most general non-redundant association rules. Furthermore, this representation is a basis, i.e., a generating set for all association rules, their supports and their confidences, and all of them can be retrieved needless accessing the data. We introduce algorithms for extracting this basis and for reconstructing all association rules. Results of experiments carried out on real datasets show the usefulness of this approach. In order to generate this basis when an algorithm for extracting frequent itemsets—such as Apriori for instance—is used, we also present an algorithm for deriving frequent closed itemsets and their generators from frequent itemsets without using the dataset.     

Quelques composés volatils formés au cours de I'irradiation gamma de I'amidon de maïs

Some Volatile Compounds Formed During Gamma Irradiation of Corn Starch. Acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, small amounts of methyl formate and various quantities of ethanol were found in ⁶⁰Co irradiated maize starch, using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Influences of dose, temperature, atmosphere composition, water and impurities content, were investigated respectively for the first three substances. Irradiation effects were compared to heat treatment effects and concentration changes were followed during storage.     

Dimerization of native myosin LC2(RLC)-free subfragment 1 from adult rabbit skeletal muscle

We reinvestigated whether the native myosin LC2-free-subfragment 1 (S1) dimer exists by using viscometry, capillary electrophoresis, and laser light scattering. We found that the intrinsic viscosity of the monomer is [eta]m = 6.7 cm3/g and its translation diffusion coefficient is (c = 0) = 4.43 x 10(-)7 cm2/s. For the dimer, [eta]d = 19.8 cm3/g and (c = 0) = 2.54 x 10(-)7 cm2/s. Using the Svedberg equation and introducing the values of the sedimentation coefficients (5.05 S for the monomer and 6.05 S for the dimer), we find the following molecular weights: Mr,m = 108 000 Da and Mr,d = 213 000 Da, which agree well with previous determinations. Capillary electrophoresis successfully separated S1(A1) and S1(A2), in a monomer buffer, and S1(A1) and S1(A2) and a heterodimer S1(A1)-S1(A2), in a dimer buffer. An interesting feature of the monomer-dimer equilibrium is the presence of temperature transitions, whose positions and widths depend upon the buffer conditions. At low temperatures, a pure dimer was observed, whereas at high temperatures only the monomer was present. The dimerization site on both myosin and S1 is extremely labile.     

Distortions identification and compensation based on artificial neural networks using symmetrical components of the voltages and the currents

The problem of harmonics identifying and compensating has been of great interest in recent years. A new neural identification scheme for an active power filter (APF) is proposed. This scheme identifies the direct, inverse and zero sequence components of both the voltages and the currents of the power network. The components result from a new and generic decomposition of a three-phase signal which can be either the voltage or the current. For one signal, the direct components extraction requires two independent Adaline networks, and the inverse components extraction two other Adalines. The voltage and current components are used to on-line compute the instantaneous direct, inverse and zero sequence powers. The proposed decomposition is a new formulation of the instantaneous powers and is also appropriate for unbalanced systems. The reference compensation currents can be determined according to different compensation objectives. The resulting compensation currents are then re-injected phase-opposite through the APF in real-time. The performance is evaluated through several simulation examples and through different experiments. The results show that the proposed neural method outperforms other methods, such as the conventional instantaneous power theory.     

纤维细度测定装置的定标

本文介绍了纤维细度测定装置的定标方法及其可行性,并对装置的测定误差作了简要分析.