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The degradability under various conditions of five kinds of radiation-vulcanized natural rubber latex (RVNRL) films was studied. The treatments were leaching in methanol, leaching in 1% ammonia solution, mixing with tris(nonylated phenyl)phosphite (TNP) antioxidant, blending with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and grafting with PMMA, Comparisons were made with sulfur-vulcanized natural rubber latex (SVNRL) film. RVNRL films SVNRL film can be kept for a long time when indirectly exposed to sunlight at room temperature. However, the former degraded much more rapidly than did the latter. TNP was found to be very suitable as an antioxidant to prolong the life of RVNRL films under dry conditions. PMMA, either blended or grafted with RVNRL, was ineffective in the prevention of deterioration of RVNRL films. The rapid degradation of RVNRL products could be an advantage over SVNRL products in environmental and wildlife conservation. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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p‐Type Optoelectronic and Transparent Conducting Oxide Properties of Delafossite CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 下载免费PDF全文
Chesta Ruttanapun Phumin Jindajitawat Prathan Buranasiri Adul Harnwunggmoung Anek Charoenphakdee Vittaya Amornkitbamrung 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2015,98(2):437-442
CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 delafossite was prepared using a solid‐state reaction method to investigate its optical and electronic transport properties. CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 formed a hexagonal delafossite structure with an Rm space group. The positive Seebeck coefficient and the direct optical gap of 3.6 eV confirmed that the CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 delafossite in a p‐type transparent conducting oxide. The fluorescence emission at 390 nm (green emission) confirmed that CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 has a direct transition band gap. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated a weight loss of 1.2%, caused by the intercalation of O atoms, which produced hole carriers from the different ionic radii at the B sites. The electric conductivity at room temperature was thermally activated, as predicted by the small‐polaron hopping mechanism, with an activation energy of 75 meV and a charge transport energy of 61 meV. CuAl1/2Fe1/2O2 delafossite exhibited p‐type optoelectronic behavior and is a transparent conducting oxide, which may be crucial in the p‐type photonic and electrode industries. 相似文献
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Adul Harnwunggmoung Ken Kurosaki Yuji OhishiHiroaki Muta Shinsuke Yamanaka 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(3):1084-1089
In order to enhance the thermoelectric (TE) properties of CoSb3, we tried to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity (κlat) by filling Tl into the voids and substitution of Rh for Co. We prepared polycrystalline samples of Tlx(Co1−yRhy)4Sb12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20 and y = 0.1, 0.2) and examined their TE properties from room temperature to 750 K. All the samples indicated negative values of the Seebeck coefficient (S). Both the electrical resistivity and the absolute values of the S decreased with increasing the Tl-filling ratio. The Tl-filling and Rh substitution reduced the κlat, due to the rattling and the alloy scattering effects. The minimum value of the κlat was 1.54 W m−1 K−1 at 550 K obtained for Tl0.20(Co0.8Rh0.2)4Sb12. Tl0.20(Co0.8Rh0.2)4Sb12 exhibited the best TE performance; the maximum value for the dimensionless figure of merit ZT was 0.58 at around 600 K. 相似文献
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Varaporn Tanrattanakul Boonsit Wattanathai Adul Tiangjunya Putsadee Muhamud 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,90(1):261-269
This study sought to synthesize an in situ epoxidized natural rubber (NR) from 20% dry rubber content latex stabilized by nonionic surfactant, 5 phr of Terric 16A16, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid at the temperature of 50°C. The molar ratios of H2O2 and HCOOH to isoprene unit were equal, 0.75 : 0.75. Reaction was carried out for 3 to 8 h. This reaction yielded products of various epoxide contents depending on reaction time. Based on DSC characterization, epoxide contents of the in situ epoxidized natural rubbers (ENRs) were about 22–39 mol %. Tensile properties and tear resistance of the in situ ENRs were equal to, or better than, those of NR and commercial ENRs. The in situ epoxidation improved resistance to petroleum ether, but not to toluene. Changes in volume and weight of specimens immersed in ASTM no. 3 oil and automobile oils (various trade names: Shell engine oil, Shell gear oil, and Toyota motor oil) exhibited significant decrease after epoxidation, except in Shell brake fluid. Similar results were obtained from tensile testing of the oil‐immersed specimens. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the in situ ENRs were much higher than those of NR after immersion in those oils at room temperature for 7 days, except the immersion in brake fluid. Improved oil resistance of the in situ ENRs under severe condition was obtained in gear oil. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 261–269, 2003 相似文献
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Tawat SuriwongKen Kurosaki Somchai ThongtemAdul Harnwunggmoung Tohru SugaharaTheerayuth Plirdpring Yuji OhishiHiroaki Muta Shinsuke Yamanaka 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(9):4014-4017
Ni3GaSb and Ni3InSb were successfully synthesized by the direct reaction of Ni and GaSb or InSb. The XRD patterns and the lattice parameters of these compounds were in good agreement with the literature data. The Seebeck coefficient (S), the electrical resistivity (ρ), and the thermal conductivity (κ) of Ni3GaSb and Ni3InSb were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 1073 K. Both compounds indicated metal-like characteristics. The power factor (S2ρ−1) values increased with temperature and reached maximum at 1073 K. The κ and the dimensionless figure of merit ZT of both samples increased with temperature. The maximum values of the ZT of Ni3GaSb and Ni3InSb were obtained at 1073 K to be 0.022 and 0.023, respectively. 相似文献
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Tawat SuriwongKen Kurosaki Somchai ThongtemAdul Harnwunggmoung Theerayuth PlirdpringTohru Sugahara Yuji OhishiHiroaki Muta Shinsuke Yamanaka 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(27):7484-7487
ZnIn2Te4 and CdIn2Te4 have a defect-chalcopyrite tetragonal crystal structure with structural vacancies. In order to investigate the effects of vacancies on the lattice thermal conductivity (κlat), single phase samples of ZnIn2Te4 and CdIn2Te4 were synthesized and their κlat values were examined in the temperature range from room temperature to 850 K. The κlat data for ZnIn2Te4 and CdIn2Te4 were compared with those of Zn- and Cd-series chalcopyrite compounds with no vacancies. The results revealed that the presence of vacancies alone in the defect-chalcopyrite structure does not result in effective phonon scattering. 相似文献
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