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1.
The alarm lists presented to control center operators are usually difficult to interpret. The authors present an expert system that processes the alarm lists in Portuguese control centers. This system makes an intelligent synthesis of the available information and presents it in a flexible and structured way. It uses an original approach to deal with temporal reasoning and real-time constraints. The system incorporates an explanation module that enables its use as a tutor for novice operators 相似文献
2.
Infiltration systems are frequently used as an option to manage urban storm drainage. By reducing flows and volumes in downstream sewers or in surface waters, they decrease the overflows and make it possible to recharge groundwater. They come in various forms with different uses; therefore, their performance is diverse and integrates multiple aspects. Consequently, a multicriteria approach was developed in order to quantify the performance of these systems and to help in decision making problems. For that purpose, a list of performance indicators integrating technical, economical, environmental and social aspects was developed. The performances were defined with the help of a working group composed of engineers from different technical or strategic departments from Greater Lyon and researchers from different fields. The paper presents the last version of the performance indicators tested according to a set of quality requirements: availability of data, relevance, fidelity, precision, sensitivity/robustness. This critical review of the set of indicators has led us to redefine a certain number of indicators, identify numerous biases and allow putting forward general instructions for criterion or indicator construction. The last phase is to propose multicriteria decision aid methods; a procedure using ELECTRE methods should be used. 相似文献
3.
Burns G. Leonard; Gomez Rapson; Walsh James A.; de Moura Marcela Alves 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,15(1):118
G. J. DuPaul (see record 2003-02033-012) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (see record 2003-02033-001) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
T. F. Moura D. Gaudy M. Jacob A. Terol B. Pauvert A. Chauvet 《Drug development and industrial pharmacy》1996,22(5):393-400
Temperature variation in the spray drying method has no effect on the ascorbic acid molecule. No chemical interaction between the colloidal silica and the ascorbic acid could be determined, but a physicochemical interaction “absorption” was determined. Colloidal silica improved the final yield of spray drying in proportion to its concentration. No polymorphic forms could be determined in the spray-dried ascorbic acid. Drug release from the ascorbic acid spray dried was found to be dependent on the Aerosil content: highest release rates were obtained with Aerosil. 相似文献
5.
K. V. Sudhakar J. C. Cisneros Hector Cervantes Cosme Gomez Pineda 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2006,15(1):117-121
The technology of materials removal is improved greatly by the introduction of advanced cutting tools like cubic boron nitride,
ceramics, polycrystalline diamond and the more recent whisker-reinforced materials. In this paper, the influence of cutting
temperature on machinability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy using a polycrystalline
diamond cutter is investigated. The information on machining, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy are
very useful to understand their fabrication characteristics and the basic mechanisms of its deformation and fracture. The
machinability (in terms of surface finish) of Cu-2Be alloy is evaluated as a function of cutting temperature, resulting from
wet and dry cutting. Machining is carried out on a Hardinge Cobra 42 CNC machine (Hardinge Inc., Elmira, NY), and the machining
parameters used—cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate—are kept constant during both wet and dry cutting. The machined
surface finish on Cu-2Be alloy is measured using a surface finish analyzer (Surftest 401, series 178) technique. The machined
specimens are examined for their strength and hardness properties using a standard Universal Testing Machine and Rockwell
hardness tester, respectively. Wet cutting (using coolants) produced a smooth surface finish when compared with dry cutting
of the Cu-2Be alloy. The machined specimens are examined for their microstructural features using a Nikon optical microscope.
The specimens are etched using a suitable etchant solution for revealing such microstructure constituents as grain size, phase
proportions, and the possible overheated areas (especially in dry cutting). The fractured surfaces from the tensile and impact
toughness tests are investigated for their fracture morphologies (dry and wet cutting) using a microprocessor-controlled scanning
electron microscope (Jeol Model JSM 5910 LV). A detailed analysis is also made to understand and interpret the basic fracture
mechanisms responsible for crack initiation and crack propagation. The Cu-2Be alloy showed relatively higher mechanical properties
in wet cutting in comparison to dry cutting operations. Fracture studies demonstrated intergranular and ductile fractures
as dominant modes of fracture mechanisms in Cu-2Be alloy. 相似文献
6.
This article proposes an optimization–simulation model for planning the transport of supplies to large public infrastructure
works located in congested urban areas. The purpose is to minimize their impact on the environment and on private transportation
users on the local road network. To achieve this goal, the authors propose and solve an optimization problem for minimizing
the total system cost made up of operating costs for various alternatives for taking supplies to the worksite and the costs
supported by private vehicle users as a result of increased congestion due to the movement of heavy goods vehicles transporting
material to the worksite. The proposed optimization problem is a bi-level Math Program model. The upper level defines the
total cost of the system, which is minimized taking into account environmental constraints on atmospheric and noise pollution.
The lower level defines the optimization problem representing the private transportation user behavior, assuming they choose
the route that minimizes their total individual journey costs. Given the special characteristics of the problem, a heuristic
algorithm is proposed for finding optimum solutions. Both the model developed and the specific solution algorithm are applied
to the real case of building a new port at Laredo (Northern Spain). A series of interesting conclusions are obtained from
the corresponding sensitivity analysis. 相似文献
7.
E.C. Romão M.D. Campos L.F.M. Moura 《Computers & Mathematics with Applications》2011,62(11):4288-4299
This paper presents the numerical solution, by the Galerkin and Least Squares Finite Element Methods, of the three-dimensional Poisson and Helmholtz equations, representing heat diffusion in solids. For the two applications proposed, the analytical solutions found in the literature review were used to compare with the numerical solutions. The analysis of results was made from the L2 norm (average error throughout the domain) and L∞ norm (maximum error in the entire domain). The results of the two applications (Poisson and Helmholtz equations) are presented and discussed for testing of the efficiency of the methods. 相似文献
8.
Carina F. Dorneles Marcos Freitas Nunes Carlos A. Heuser Viviane P. Moreira Altigran S. da Silva Edleno S. de Moura 《Information Systems》2009,34(8):673
Approximate data matching aims at assessing whether two distinct instances of data represent the same real-world object. The comparison between data values is usually done by applying a similarity function which returns a similarity score. If this score surpasses a given threshold, both data instances are considered as representing the same real-world object. These score values depend on the algorithm that implements the function and have no meaning to the user. In addition, score values generated by different functions are not comparable. This will potentially lead to problems when the scores returned by different similarity functions need to be combined for computing the similarity between records. In this article, we propose that thresholds should be defined in terms of the precision that is expected from the matching process rather than in terms of the raw scores returned by the similarity function. Precision is a widely known similarity metric and has a clear interpretation from the user's point of view. Our approach defines mappings from score values to precision values, which we call adjusted scores. In order to obtain such mappings, our approach requires training over a small dataset. Experiments show that training can be reused for different datasets on the same domain. Our results also demonstrate that existing methods for combining scores for computing the similarity between records may be enhanced if adjusted scores are used. 相似文献
9.
Non-photorealistic (illustrative) rendering augments typical rendering models to selectively emphasize or de-emphasize specific
structures of rendered objects. Illustrative techniques may affect not only the rendering style of specific portions of an
object but also their visibility, ensuring that less important regions do not occlude more important ones. Cutaway views completely
remove occluding, unimportant structures—possibly also removing valuable context information—while existing solutions for
smooth reduction of occlusion based on importance lack precise visibility control, simplicity and generality. We introduce
a new front-to-back fragment composition equation that directly takes into account a measure of sample importance and allows smooth and precise
importance-based visibility control. We demonstrate the generality of our composition equation with several illustrative effects,
which were obtained by using a set of importance measures calculated on the fly or defined by the user. The presented composition
method is suitable for direct volume rendering as well as rendering of layered 3D models. We discuss both cases and show examples,
though focusing mainly on illustration of volumetric data. 相似文献
10.
Raman spectroscopy has been used as a local probe to characterize the structural evolution of magnetron-sputtered decorative zirconium oxynitride ZrOxNy films which result from an increase of reactive gas flow in the deposition. The lines shapes, the frequency position and widths of the Raman bands show a systematic change as a function of the reactive gas flow (a mixture of both oxygen and nitrogen). The as-deposited zirconium nitride film presents a Raman spectrum with the typical broadened bands, due to the disorder induced by N vacancies. The recorded Raman spectrum of the zirconium oxide film is typical of the monoclinic phase of ZrO2, which is revealed also by X-ray diffraction. Raman spectra of zirconium oxynitride thin films present changes, which are found to be closely related with the oxygen content in films and the subsequent structural changes. 相似文献