Design and implementation of new,silicon-based,cross-coupling reactions: importance of silicon-oxygen bonds

This Account chronicles the conceptual development, proof of principle, exploration of scope, and mechanistic investigations of a newly developed class of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of silicon derivatives. Under the influence of fluoride activation a myriad of oxygen-containing silicon moieties undergo mild and stereospecific cross-coupling. The diversity of methods for introduction of silicon groupings into organic molecules and the range of organic electrophiles that can be used are outlined.     

Back to the future in the education and training of psychologists.

In this article, I discuss issues concerning the training and education of psychologists at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. I propose a new introductory course on the applications of psychology to oneself and to society. This course would cover many applications of psychology and would also explain what the major psychological specialties do and the specific training needed to pursue a career in a chosen specialty. A common core of graduate courses is recommended for all graduate students regardless of specialty. A broad-based interdisciplinary course is recommended to ensure that all psychologists know the basic scientific principles that are ultimately essential to the understanding of psychology itself. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Women, psychology, and public policy: Selected issues.

Asserts that the dramatic changes in women's work and family roles in recent decades have profound implications for employment and family policy. It is argued that the market forces used by economists to adjust salary levels do not counteract the forces that devalue women's contributions to the economy. Depressed wages and a benefit structure based on earnings increases the likelihood of poverty of women. Many employment issues, such as the assumption that workers and family members are physically and mentally able-bodied, disabled women's employment status, and the relationships among women's physical and mental health status and work and family roles, require psychological research. The slowness of public policies to reflect women's changing roles is discussed, and tools for meeting the challenges of change, including science and technology and educational equity, are presented. (31 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Organic Synthesis: Wherefrom and Whither? (Some Very Personal Reflections)

This perspective represents a (highly personal) examination of the past, present and future of synthetic organic chemistry. The central thesis posits that the confluence of factors that led to the “Golden Age of Natural Product Synthesis” in the second half of the twentieth century can be traced back to the identification of the therapeutic potential of steroid hormones culminating in the introduction of oral contraceptives. The tremendous benefits of those activities to the development of organic synthesis as a vibrant discipline led to the exponential increase in strategies and methods and the ability to tackle, larger and larger molecules of greater and greater complexity. The existential challenge to the health of organic synthesis is whether a similarly dynamic future can be anticipated and if so, to what end and how. Musings on potential answers to those questions are presented.     

如何保护丽泊古城的原貌

丹麦的美丽古城——丽伯，是北欧最古老的城市。在公元700年以前，成为丹麦最大的港口城市，也是中古世纪最大的商埠。1855年成立了丽伯博物馆，该博物馆的主要任务是保护这座古城的原貌。对于丽伯古城的保护，市政府作出了很大的努力。当地居民化身博物馆职员，使这座城市更加生气勃勃。     

Obituary: Benjamin B. Wolman (1908-2000).

Memorializes Benjamin B. Wolman for his many contributions to psychology. He was proudest of a modification of psychoanalysis that he called the interactional approach. Wolman founded the International Organization for the Study of Group Tensions and the International Journal of Group Tensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

构成大功率反相-5V电源的降压型稳压器

将降压型开关转换器IC配置成反相器,便可获得一个高效大功率-5V电源,其输出电流在输入电压为12V时高达4.5A,在输入电压为5V时为3.2A(图1).常见的反相电源用一个D沟道MOSFET进行开关切换(图2).这种电路配置在输出电流很小时能运转正常,但在输出电流超过2A左右时,其使用受到限制,这要视输入、输出电压电平和你使用的MOSFET而定.     

Engendering psychology.

Engendering psychology refers to cultivating a psychology that is sensitive to issues of gender and diversity. The increase in the number of female psychologists does not guarantee that the discipline will be responsive to those issues. This article reviews the progress made in engendering psychology by examining undergraduate textbooks and classroom instruction and by looking at gender bias in both research and practice. By engendering psychology, it becomes a stronger science and profession and better serves the public interest. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Guidelines for avoiding sexism in psychological research: A report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Nonsexist Research.

Reviews the literature and documents the pervasiveness of gender bias at all stages of research: question formulation, research design, data analysis and interpretation, and conclusion formulation. The authors identify some of the ways that gender bias can affect research at each of these stages. Examples are provided of common avoidable problems as well as suggestions for eliminating such bias. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)