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1.
A consistent analytical model of nonlinear ion drift spectrometry for modern gas analyzers is developed. A procedure for determining the field dependence of the ion mobility using the experimental data is described. An ionogram is calculated for the case of a flat drift chamber and polynomial character of the field dependence of the ion mobility.  相似文献   
2.
The effect of tempering temperature on the structure, wear resistance, and corrosive properties of steel 08Kh14AN4MDB is studied. The results of mechanical and corrosion tests are used for constructing an optimization matrix for determining the optimum tempering temperature. __________ Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 29–32, February, 2007.  相似文献   
3.
Conclusions  
1.  We established the dependences of the phase composition of high-chromium (18% Cr) steels on the content of nitrogen. As the nitrogen content increases from 0.4 to 1.2% the proportion of untransformed austenite increases and that of martensite decreases respectively. This changes the structural class of the steels from martensitic (at 0.4% N) to austenitic (at 1.2%).
2.  In heating of a quenched steel with 18% Cr and 0.4–1.2% N we determined two temperature ranges of structural transformations that correspond to the segregation of chromium nitrides from the initial martensite (A sA f) and from austenite (B sB f).
3.  With the growth in the chromium concentration from 15 to 24% at 1–1.3% N quenching yields a stable austenite structure preserved even after tempering at 700°C. After heating the quenched steel to a temperature corresponding to the pointB f, the segregation of nitrides from the austenite causes the formation of martensite upon cooling and hence the growth in hardness.
4.  Tempering of steels with an initial structure of martensite or austenite + martensite is accompanied with growth in the hardness due to dispersion hardening of martensite. The hardening is maximum (650–690HV) at a tempering temperature of 500–600°C. The highest level of hardening (649HV) has been observed in steel Kh18A4 quenched from 1200°C and tempered at 600°C.
Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka metallov, No. 6, pp. 19–24, June, 2000.  相似文献   
4.
We report on the basic electrical characteristics of the volume nanosecond pulsed discharges in air at atmospheric pressure. The measurements of temperature were performed using spectral methods, whereas the electron density of plasma was measured using a multibeam Fabry-Perot interferometer. It is shown that, subject to maintaining the form of the volume discharge, the maximum electron density is 1.5 × 1013 cm?3, which is comparable to the critical value in streamer discharges.  相似文献   
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The effect of the volume of distillate droplets and temperature of the heated wall on evaporation process was investigated. The strong influence of thermal-physical and geometrical parameters of the wall on droplet evaporation is shown. A change in the ratio of droplet diameter to the wall thickness can lead to a change in evaporation regimes. Distribution of interface temperature along the droplet length is measured. At evaporation the wall temperature under the droplet changes significantly. A new method for measurement of the droplet mass on the heated wall is presented. The regimes of droplet boiling differ significantly from pool boiling. The droplet mass is directly changed in time; evaporation is separated into several stages.  相似文献   
7.
Solar photo energy technologies are examined for electric power consumers, and the prospects for their development are considered.  相似文献   
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10.
1.  The use of large pumping stations operating in load-regulator and pumped-water storage regimes is prospective for increasing flexible capacities in electric power systems.
2.  Batch-produced axial-flow pumps of type OP-6 and OP-10 have good performance characteristics in the turbine regime, providing a storage efficiency of 0.50–0.65 at the same rotational speed in the pump and turbine regimes and an efficiency equal to 0.56–0.75 with the use of speed regulators.
Translated from Gidrotekhnicheskoe Stroitel'stvo, No. 8, pp. 39–42, August, 1989.  相似文献   
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