Preparation,characterization and wear behaviour of TiNx-coated cermets obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition

Commercial cermet inserts were coated with titanium nitride by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) using a pulsed direct current (d.c.) glow discharge. The influence of the coating parameters on the deposition rate, on the layer composition, on the layer-substrate interface, on the structure and on the microhardness of the layers was investigated for deposition temperatures in the range 500–700 °C. The adhesive strengths, and some mechanical properties, of the coated cermets were characterized by scratch tests, by friction wear investigations and by measurement of the transverse rupture strength. The wear behaviour was examined in the cutting tests. It was found that TiN _x -coatings deposited with a sufficiently high deposition rate and plasma power density have a low oxygen and chlorine content and that they are nearly stoichiometric. The layers usually have a columnar structure with a 200 texture. A granular, equiaxed structure was observed within a small range of deposition conditions. In interrupted and continuous turning tests with steel and grey cast iron, a high cutting performance of the coated inserts, which depended on the coating thickness and on the deposition temperature, was achieved.     

Life experiences, coping, and weight preoccupation in young adult women.

Relationships among stress, 3 different styles of coping (task-, emotion-, or avoidance-oriented) and weight preoccupation were examined in 206 female college students (aged 19–55 yrs). The relationships among these variables were examined using the Life Experiences Survey (I. G. Sarason et al, 1978), the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (N. S. Endler and J. D. A. Parker, 1999), and the Eating Disorder Inventory (D. M. Garner and M. P. Olmsted, 1984). A hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine whether coping styles and life stress would predict weight preoccupation in this nonclinical sample of university women. Results showed that emotion-oriented coping predicted weight preoccupation regardless of stress. These findings suggest that how one copes with stress is associated with weight preoccupation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The trait anxiety-perception score: A composite predictor for state anxiety.

This article describes the development and initial evaluation of the A-Trait–Perception (ATP) score, a composite predictor for state anxiety. The ATP score is constructed from trait anxiety and situation perception data derived from the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scale by N. S. Endler et al (1989). ATP mathematically combines the individual's trait anxiety and situation perception profiles and adjusts these with a multiplier that reflects the individual's sensitivity to particular types of situational elements in terms of state anxiety inducement. The utility of the resulting composite variable as a predictor of state anxiety was examined in the context of two field studies. Results of both studies indicated that the ATP variable offered a superior prediction of state anxiety, as compared to four individual trait anxiety facets (social evaluation, physical danger, ambiguous and daily routines). The theoretical import of these results is discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Interactional anxiety and the evaluation of driving skills: An empirical examination of a composite predictor for state anxiety.

Examined the validity of the trait anxiety-perception (TAP) score, a composite predictor for state anxiety (A-State), in 26 Ss (aged 16–49 yrs) who were waiting to take a driving test. The TAP score was constructed from trait anxiety (A-Trait) and situation perception data derived from the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS) and a revised version of the EMAS (P. R. King and N. S. Endler; see record 1990-06457-001). TAP scores mathematically combined the Ss' A-Trait and situation perception profiles and adjusted these with a multiplier that reflected Ss' sensitivity to situational elements, in terms of A-State inducement. Prediction of A-State based on the TAP score was superior to those provided by the social evaluation, physical danger, ambiguous, and daily routines A-Traits. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Self-reports of depression and state-trait anxiety: Evidence for differential assessment.

Several researchers have found anxiety and depression to be indistinguishable in nonclinical samples and have suggested that both constructs may be components of a general psychological distress process. Another possibility is that overlap is due to the psychometric limitations of scales used. A series of exploratory factor analyses were conducted in a nonclinical sample (N?=?605) using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and the Endler Multidimensional Anxiety Scales (EMAS; N. S. Endler et al, 1991). Both state and trait anxiety and depression could be differentiated with the BDI and the EMAS but not with the STAI. Some theoretical models of negative affectivity or general psychopathology may be premature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stress, anxiety and coping: The multidimensional interaction model.

Discusses and tests the multidimensional interaction model of stress, anxiety and coping processes. The aim is to advance understanding of the systematic nature of coping processes in relation to psychological variables such as anxiety, as well as to determine how coping is related to other personality and situational variables, and to physical and mental well being. Coping styles and strategies mediate between antecedent stressful events, and such consequences as anxiety, psychological distress, and somatic complaints. Task-oriented coping is most efficacious in a controllable situation, while emotion-oriented coping is most efficacious in an uncontrollable situation. While avoidance-oriented coping may be initially appropriate as a reaction to stress, in the long run task-oriented coping is most efficacious. A number of laboratory studies assessing the multidimensional interaction model are reviewed. These studies have both theoretical and practical implications, and contribute to empirical knowledge about stress, coping processes, and personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

But interactionists do believe in peoplep Response to Krauskopf.

Argues that C. J. Krauskopf, in his 1978 critique of the authors' (see record 1977-08283-001) person–situation interaction model, does not seem to understand the distinctions the authors made among different conceptualizations regarding interactional psychology nor has he kept abreast of the latest developments in the field. It is felt that he misinterprets what the authors said about trait theory and has failed to appreciate the emphasis on person factors, even with respect to the situational component in interactionism. New strategies need to be developed in order to conduct productive research on modern conceptualizations of interactionism. Interactionists do believe in people. It is concluded that Krauskopf's article does not contribute to a fruitful and further discussion of personality theory and research. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comments on Ferguson's "Forty years of useless research?" (Vol. 24, no. 2, April 1983).

The authors comment on Kinglsey Ferguson's "Forty Years of Useless Research?" (see record 2007-03833-001). Ferguson has raised an important issue for all readers to consider. He has taken a courageous stand and is attempting to stimulate us, as he does his undergraduate students, to explore nondefensively where we stand as a science and what we need to do to improve the quality of our work. It it is only through the respectful marriage of the art and science of psychology that our field will prosper. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Trait versus state anxiety, authoritarianism and ego threat versus physical threat.

Examined the effects of individual differences (authoritarianism, trait anxiety) and situational factors (ego and physical threat) on state anxiety (A-state). 60 male undergraduates were given Kohn's Authoritarianism-Rebellion Scale, the WAIS Block Design subtest, Endler's S-R Inventory of Anxiousness, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. It was predicted that high and low authoritarian Ss, and high and low trait anxiety (A-trait) Ss would report different amounts of A-state arousal as a function of ego threat. Ss were divided into 2 groups of high and low authoritarians and performed a task under ego-threat (failure) or physical-threat (shock) conditions. A post hoc split of Ss' A-trait scores provided A-state data on high vs low A-trait under threat conditions. Ego threat and physical threat both produced A-state arousal. Physical threat created greater A-state arousal than ego threat for high A-trait Ss. Contrary to W. F. Hodges's 1968 findings, under physical threat high A-trait Ss reported greater A-state arousal than low A-trait Ss. C. D. Spielburger's trait-state anxiety theory is compared with N. S. Endler and J. McV. Hunt's interaction model of anxiety. (French summary) (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)