Block truncation coding with color clumps: A novel feature extraction technique for content based image classification

The paper has explored principle of block truncation coding (BTC) as a means to perform feature extraction for content based image classification. A variation of block truncation coding, named BTC with color clumps has been implemented in this work to generate feature vectors. Classification performance with the proposed technique of feature extraction has been compared to existing techniques. Two widely used public dataset named Wang dataset and Caltech dataset have been used for analyses and comparisons of classification performances based on four different metrics. The study has established BTC with color clumps as an effective alternative for feature extraction compared to existing methods. The experiments were carried out in RGB color space. Two different categories of classifiers viz. K Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Classifier and RIDOR Classifier were used to measure the classification performances. A paired t test was conducted to establish the statistical significance of the findings. Evaluation of classifier algorithms were done in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space.     

New pseudo-dynamic analysis of two-layered cohesive-friction soil slope and its numerical validation

Natural slopes consist of non-homogeneous soil profiles with distinct characteristics from slopes made of homogeneous soil. In this study, the limit equilibrium modified pseudo-dynamic method is used to analyze the stability of two-layered c-φ soil slopes in which the failure surface is assumed to be a logarithmic spiral. The zero-stress boundary condition at the ground surface under the seismic loading condition is satisfied. New formulations derived from an analytical method are proposed for the predicting the seismic response in two-layered soil. A detailed parametric study was performed in which various parameters (seismic accelerations, damping, cohesion, and angle of internal friction) were varied. The results of the present method were compared with those in the available literature. The present analytical analysis was also verified against the finite element analysis results.     

氨浸出混合铜矿石的表征及动力学(英文)

研究了含8.8%Cu和36.1%Fe的混合铜矿石的氨浸出动力学。矿物学表征表明,该矿石的含铁成分以菱铁矿为主,硫化矿以黄铜矿为主。研究了工艺参数,如搅拌速度、反应温度、氨浓度、矿石粒径、氧分压对氨浸出过程的影响。在标准的浸出条件下,即粒径125~212μm、反应温度120°C、NH3浓度1.29 mol/L、氧分压202 kPa,在2.5 h内Cu的浸出率达到83%。在使用较高浓度的氨和较小粒径的矿石时,Cu的浸出率能够达到95%。动力学研究结果表明,浸出过程为表面反应控制,估算出的活化能为(37.6±1.9)kJ/mol,氧分压与氨浓度的反应级数分别为0.2和1。     

Crack resistance of austenitic stainless steel pipe and pipe welds with a circumferential crack under monotonic loading

This paper describes the experimental studies carried out on cracked austenitic stainless steel pipe and pipe welds under bending loads. Pipe welds were produced by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Fracture resistance curves for pipe and pipe welds were compared. Results indicate that the fracture resistance of pipe and pipe weld (GTAW) is comparable but that of pipe weld (GTAW+SMAW) is inferior. Cracks do not deviate from their original plane during propagation as observed in the cases of carbon steel pipe and pipe welds. The fracture resistance of pipe welds does not depend on the loading histories to which it has been subjected prior to fracture test. Initiation and crack propagation were observed prior to the maximum moment. An existing limit load expression is applicable for the pipe base material but gives non‐conservative results for the pipe welds. Multiplication factors have been suggested for the pipe welds for evaluation of limit loads using the existing expression. Fracture resistance for the pipe and compact tension specimens have also been compared for base material and welds.     

Environmentally assisted cracking resistance of Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 using slow strain rate test in 3.5% NaCl solution

The general corrosion and environmental cracking resistances of Al–Cu–Li alloy AA2195 were investigated in 3.5% NaCl environment and compared with those of another high strength alloy AA2219. The general corrosion resistance of these alloys was examined using immersion corrosion and potentiodynamic polarization tests, while the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance was evaluated by slow strain rate test (SSRT) method. The tested samples were further characterized by SEM–EDS and optical profilometry to study the change in corrosion morphology, elemental content and depth of corrosion attack. The reduction in ductility was used as a parameter to evaluate the SCC susceptibility of the alloys. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of AA2195 alloy was better than that of AA2219 alloy as it exhibited lower corrosion rate, along with lower pit depth and density. However, the SCC index (?_NaCl/?_air) measured was greater than 0.90, indicating good environmental cracking resistance of both the alloys. Detailed fractography of the failed samples under SEM–EDS, in general, revealed a typical ductile cracking morphology for both the alloys.     

尼日利亚钛铁矿的矿物学特征和浸出行为

研究尼日利亚钛铁矿矿物学特征和经机械活化和碱性焙烧处理后的浸出行为。研究了 NaOH/矿石比、H2SO4浓度、浸出和焙烧温度对钛回收率的影响。结果表明,机械活化对钛铁矿石的浸出有明显的增强作用。钛铁矿经机械活化后,加入60%NaOH在850°C下焙烧,在温度为90°C,经60%H2SO4浸出4 h下的浸出率为72%。对焙烧矿、水处理后残渣和酸浸滤渣的XRD物相分析证实了反应机理和实验结果。     

不同热处理态2024铝合金的腐蚀行为

分别在3.5%NaCl溶液、3.5%NaCl＋1.0%H2O2溶液和pH=12的3.5%NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化实验,研究2024 Al-Cu-Mg合金在不同热处理状态下的腐蚀行为。极化曲线表明,随着合金时效时间的延长,合金的腐蚀电位向负方向移动;向NaCl溶液中添加H2O2会使腐蚀电位正移;在pH=12的3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线表现出明显的钝化现象。腐蚀试样表面表现为常见的腐蚀特征,但也有扩大的点蚀、晶间腐蚀现象出现。循环动电位极化曲线显示有宽的循环极化滞后环,不同的腐蚀模式表明合金的点蚀生长对合金的热处理状态敏感。通过显微组织分析,探讨了不同热处理状态下合金在不同NaCl溶液中的腐蚀机理。     

Deposition and characterization of diamond-like nanocomposite coatings grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition over different substrate materials

Diamond-like nanocomposite (DLN) coatings have been deposited over different substrates used for biomedical applications by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD). DLN has an interconnecting network of amorphous hydrogenated carbon and quartz-like oxygenated silicon. Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform–infra red (FT–IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used for structural characterization. Typical DLN growth rate is about 1  ${\upmu} $ m/h, measured by stylus profilometer. Due to the presence of quartz-like Si:O in the structure, it is found to have very good adhesive property with all the substrates. The adhesion strength found to be as high as 0·6 N on SS 316 L steel substrates by scratch testing method. The Young’s modulus and hardness have found to be 132 GPa and 14· 4 GPa, respectively. DLN coatings have wear factor in the order of 1 × 10^???7 mm ³ /N-m. This coating has found to be compatible with all important biomedical substrate materials and has successfully been deposited over Co–Cr alloy based knee implant of complex shape.     

BOND GRAPH SIMULATION OF A CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER DRIVEN INDUCTION MOTOR (CSI–IM) SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Based on the bond graph approach, the paper presents a developement of a dynamic model required for the simulation of a current–source–inverter (CSI) driven induction motor. The induction machine Is represented by the mutually perpendicular α–β model in a stationary reference frame, and is linked with the three phase current source inverter by a power conserving transformation which is taken as displacement modulated transformer structure In the bond graph model. A specific digital simulation program (COSMO–CAD) yields state space representation of the system from the bond graph structure with no reference to particular circuit configurations, representing various modes, during normal or abnormal operation. The acceptability of the simulation technique is shown by comparison of some results with those obtained from an available method of simulation.