Laser interferometer with fine-focused beams to monitor the spatial position of an object

Analogies with interferometers using a light source with low temporal coherence are used to analyze the principles of the construction of laser interferometers with averaging over the photodetector aperture, whose sensitivity to the position of an object being monitored at the maximum of the output signal is as good as that of low-coherence interferometry and tomography. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 19–24 (February 26, 1998)     

The PIBETA spectrometer for studying rare and forbidden decays of muons and pions

The construction and characteristics of the PIBETA spectrometer are described. This spectrometer is designed to implement a program of precise measurement of pion decay ^{+ 0} + e ⁺ + _e at the Paul Scherrer Institute (Switzerland). A spherical calorimeter, consisting of 240 crystals of pure CsI scintillator and embracing a solid angle of 3, is the main detector of the setup. In addition, the spectrometer is composed of an active collimator (which also acts as a beam degrader), a segmented active plastic target, two multiwire cylindrical proportional chambers, a 20-element cylindrical plastic hodoscope, and veto counters of cosmic muons.__________Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 2, 2005, pp. 39–48.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Baranov, Kalinnikov, Karpukhin, Khomutov, A. Korenchenko, S. Korenchenko, Kravchuk, Kuchinskii, Mzhaviya, Rozhdestvenskii, Sidorkin, Tsamalaidze, Sakhelashvili, Frlez, Poanic, Li, Minehart, Smith, Stephens, Ziock, Bertl, Horisberger, Ritt, Schnyder, Wirtz, Ritchie, Supek, Kozlowski.     

Comparative study of the stress flow models for high-boron corrosion-resistant steel based on an Arrhenius-type equation and artificial neural networks

A comparative analysis is performed for the stress flow models of a steel containing 2.3 wt % B during its compressive hot deformation based on an Arrhenius-type equation and artificial neural networks. It is shown that the accuracy of the obtained data using the model based on artificial neural networks is much higher (relative calculation error is 0.2%) as compared to that of the regression model (relative error is 11%).     

Simulation of the Kinetics of Dynamic Recrystallization of Alloy KhN55MBYu-VD During Hot Deformation

Metal Science and Heat Treatment - A facility for physical simulation is used to plot dependences of flow stress on the degree of deformation in the temperature range from 1000 to 1230°C at...     

Remote decapsulation of nanocomposite liposomal capsules containing gold nanorods by ultrashort electric pulses

The decapsulation effect of nanocomposite liposomal capsules containing anisotropic gold nanoparticles (nanorods), which is caused by the action of ultrashort electric pulses on these capsules, is discovered. The mechanism of destruction of liposomal shells of the capsules near poles of conducting gold nanorods under the pulse electric action is described. An expression for the critical intensity of the pulse electric field, which determines the threshold of initiation of this effect, is obtained. Its numerical value is in agreement with the obtained experimental data. It is shown experimentally that the discovered decapsulation effect is caused by the presence of gold nanorods connected to the liposomal shell of the capsules and does not arise in the absence of nanorods.     

Effect of Gold Nanorods on the Remote Decapsulation of Liposomal Capsules Using Ultrashort Electric Pulses

Decapsulation of nanocomposite liposomal capsules due to the effect of ultrashort electric pulses is obtained when the liposomal sheaths of the capsules are bound to significantly anisotropic gold nanoparticles (nanorods). Destruction of the liposomal sheath is interpreted using the rotational displacement of gold nanorods in the presence of the pulsed electric field. Such an interpretation is used to derive an expression for the critical electric field that determines the threshold level of the effect. The calculated critical field is in agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the decapsulation is related to the presence of the gold nanorods in the sheath of liposomal capsules and is not obtained in the absence of the nanorods.     

Nanocomposite Microcontainers with High Ultrasound Sensitivity

A water suspension of nanocomposite microcapsules with embedded ZnO nanoparticles in the capsule shell is reported. The microcapsule morphology is characterized by confocal microscopy, TEM, SEM, and AFM before and after ultrasound treatment. A remarkably high capsule sensitivity to ultrasound is evidenced, and it is observed to grow with increasing number of ZnO nanoparticle layers in the nanocomposite shell. This effect is correlated with the mechanical properties of microcapsules measured with AFM.     

Estimation of geomagnetic field disturbance using the wavelet transform

This paper discusses the main aspects of geomagnetic data processing using the wavelet transform. The wavelet transform is shown to be efficient for automatic extraction of unperturbed level of the horizontal component of the Earth’s magnetic field. As a result, it becomes possible to significantly reduce the errors arising during automatic calculations of the local geomagnetic activity index (local K-index) in comparison with adaptive smoothing (KAsm is Adaptative Smoothing method) recommended by INTERMAGNET. It has been found that prior to magnetic storms, we can observe a weak rise of geomagnetic activity in different frequency bands connected with the development of an approaching storm.