Experimental investigation of heat transfer during condensation of steam from a steam-water mixture on cold water jets at high pressure

Results from experimental investigations of heat transfer during the condensation of steam from a steam-water mixture on cold water jets at high pressure are presented. These data are essential for developing high-pressure direct-contact feedwater heaters, such as those for power units at nuclear power stations equipped with lead-cooled reactors.     

The condensation of steam from steam-water mixture on water jets at high pressure

A physical model for condensation of steam in water flow at high pressure is developed, and analytical dependences for calculating heat transfer are obtained, in particular as applied to the operation of a direct-contact feedwater heater for a new-generation reactor plant with lead coolant.     

Studies of a direct-contact feedwater heater at a fragment of the secondary coolant circuit of a new-generation reactor plant

Results obtained from experimental investigations of a direct-contact heater at an experimental installation simulating a fragment of a power unit’s secondary coolant circuit are presented, and a heat-transfer calculation model obtained on an experimental setup equipped with a small-scale model of a direct-contact heater is subjected to a comprehensive check.     

Burnout during upward flow of steam-water mixture through vertical tubes with spiral inserts

Dependencies are obtained for calculating specific critical heat flux and steam quality in tubes with spiral inserts within the considered range of parameters. A relation of the equations for calculating burnout characteristics with the structure of a two-phase flow is shown.     

Boundaries and stages of the surface boiling of water

Results obtained from generalization of experimental data on determining the boundaries of surface boiling of water using the ideas on metastable boiling of liquid are presented together with empirical expressions for calculating its boundaries. Dangerous phenomena occurring in the region of surface boiling are pointed out.     

Use of basic zirconium carbonates for the synthesis of refractory materials

Conclusions The technology for the production of a basic zirconium carbonate of various grades has been developed. The processes occurring during the thermal decomposition have been studied and it is shown that zirconium carbonate can be used as good raw material for the synthesis of cubic and tetragonal solid solutions.A method has been developed for obtaining cubic and tetragonal solutions which makes it possible to lower the temperature of the synthesis by 800–1000°C from the present temperature.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 47–49, May, 1980.     

Laser surface alloying of silumin

Laser alloying is an effective way to increase the surface hardness and wear resistance of materials, including aluminum. The effect of laser alloying on the structure and hardness of silumin AL30, which is used to produce engine pistons operating at high temperatures, is an interesting subject for study.Translated from Metallovedenie i Tremicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 18 – 19, February, 1995.