Beryllium Analytical Signal Using ERIAD Mass-Spectrometry for Various Sample Preparation Methods

Inorganic Materials - The significance of the problem of determining the concentration of beryllium in solutions is substantiated. A method of ERIAD mass-spectrometry (atmospheric pressure...     

A Dispersion Interferometer Based on a CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Laser

A double-pass dispersion interferometer based on a 9.6-μm CO₂ laser with a sensitivity of 〈 n _e l〉_min ∼ 1 × 10¹³ cm⁻² and a temporal resolution of ∼50 μ s, designed to measure linear plasma density, is described. A ZnGeP₂ nonlinear crystal is used as the frequency doubler. The main advantages of the interferometer are its compactness and a low sensitivity to vibrations of optical elements. The interferometer requires no special vibration isolation. Its main components are arranged compactly on an optical bench outside the apparatus, except for a window for radiation injection and a retroreflector; these are mounted on the wall of the experimental facility's vacuum chamber. The advantages of the dispersion interferometer have been demonstrated in an experiment with a gas-dynamic trap. __________ Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 5, 2005, pp. 96–106. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Solomakhin, Bagryanskii, Voskoboinikov, Zubarev, Kvashnin, Lizunov, Maksimov, Khil'chenko.     

Measuring thickness of coatings on cylindrical samples of small diameter

Measurement Techniques -     

Making blast-furnace smelting more efficient through the injection of heated natural gas

Subjecting natural gas to multi-stage heating by passing it through the cooled cavities of certain tuyere elements instead of coolant water is technically simple to accomplish and makes it possible to heat the gas to 300°C or more, the exact temperature depending on the amount of gas used. The cost of instituting this technology is an order of magnitude lower than the savings realized by injecting heated natural gas into blast furnaces. The injection of heated natural gas into a blast furnace introduces additional heat into the furnace and makes it possible to use more natural gas in the smelting process without reducing the theoretical combustion temperature. It also increases the value of the coefficient that characterizes the replacement of coke by natural gas, since the gas undergoes more complete combustion in this case. Finally, the injection of heated natural gas results in a more uniform distribution of hydrogen across the furnace and allows fuller use of this element in the smelting operation.     

Vibrations of a rotating membrane with unsteady rotations of the axis of rotation

A method and algorithm are developed for numerical calculation of the vibrations of a rotating circular membrane with a rigid central insert. The vibrations are caused by plane rotation of the rotation axis with a variable angular velocity. A system of differential equations is obtained to describe the motion of the membrane in relation to the stress-strain state caused by the rotation. Calculated results are presented for the case when the angular velocity of the membrane is constant, while the angular velocity of the rotation axis changes over time in accordance with a piecewise-linear law.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 2, pp. 55–60, February, 1990.     

Digital logarithm taker in devices for measuring optical density

Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 7, pp. 29–30, July, 1989.     

The Automation System of the Gas-Dynamic Trap Facility

The main tasks performed for the automation of the Gas-Dynamic Trap Facility are described. The principles for the installation of the facility's existing and future control systems are considered. The design of the data-acquisition system, which is based on PC-compatible computers and supported by devices made to different technological standards, is reviewed. The construction of the control system for atom injection, which is based on the existing data-acquisition system, is described.