Al Hamra塔,科威特

Al Hamra塔坐落于科威特市,是一座包含有办公空间、健身俱乐部、剧院、美食广场的高端商业中心的商业综合体。建筑高度达到412m。这座标志性的写字楼将成为科威特市最高的建筑。Al Hamra塔的建设目前已经接近尾声,办公面积达到18.6万m2,其旁边是一座由当地建筑师设计的面积达3.4万m2的商业裙房。该项目的业主是一位当地开发商和一位总承包商,但建造一座超高层建筑却并不是他们的初衷。事实上,在项目之初他们已经开始动工建造一座由当地建筑师设计的50层高的塔楼     

Effects of Process Parameters on Mechanical Adhesion of Thermal Oxide Scales on Hot-Rolled Low Carbon Steels

The present work investigated the effects of process parameters in a hot-rolling line, finishing and coiling temperatures, on mechanical adhesion of scale on low carbon steel substrate using a tensile test. Modification of our previous model to quantify mechanical adhesion energy was proposed for a system consisting of a cracked scale on a metallic substrate by introducing a distribution function of stress in scale. When a linear distribution was assumed, the quantified mechanical adhesion energy lay in the range of 40–890 J m^?2. Higher finishing temperature had a prominent role on increasing final scale thickness and weakening scale adhesion. For scale with similar thickness, the mechanical adhesion energy was lowered for the sample subjected to higher temperature gradient between finishing and coiling temperatures. This was considered to be from the increased water vapour in atmosphere due to the higher amount of water used to cool down the steel strip. The mechanical adhesion test was further conducted to attest this assumption. It was found that humidified atmosphere during oxidation weakened the scale adhesion to low carbon steel substrate measured at room temperature.