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1.
2.
On an earthspace propagation path with the low elevation angle of 10 deg, the phase between co- and crosspolar signals occasionally showed rapid and irregular fluctuations during fine weather. These fluctuations were generally significant during the daytime, and were strongly in phase with the occurrence of the copolar amplitude scintillations. This could be attributed to the combined effects of the crosspolar phase pattern of the receiving antenna and small fluctuations of the angle of arrival of the radiowaves. 相似文献
3.
Takahiro Hoshino 《Computational statistics & data analysis》2008,52(3):1413-1429
The estimation of the differences among groups in observational studies is frequently inaccurate owing to a bias caused by differences in the distributions of covariates. In order to estimate the average treatment effects when the treatment variable is binary, Rosenbaum and Rubin [1983. The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70, 41-55] proposed an adjustment method for pre-treatment variables using propensity scores. Imbens [2000. The role of the propensity score in estimating dose-response functions. Biometrika 87, 706-710] extended the propensity score methodology for estimation of average treatment effects with multivalued treatments.However, these studies focused only on estimating the marginal mean structure. In many substantive sciences such as the biological and social sciences, a general estimation method is required to deal with more complex analyses other than regression, such as testing group differences on latent variables. For latent variable models, the EM algorithm or the traditional Monte Carlo methods are necessary. However, in propensity score adjustment, these methods cannot be used because the full distribution is not specified.In this paper, we propose a quasi-Bayesian estimation method for general parametric models that integrate out the distributions of covariates using propensity scores. Although the proposed Bayes estimates are shown to be consistent, they can be calculated by existing Markov chain Monte Carlo methods such as Gibbs sampler. The proposed method is useful to estimate parameters in latent variable models, while the previous methods were unable to provide valid estimates for complex models such as latent variable models.We also illustrated the procedure using the data obtained from the US National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSY1979-2002) for estimating the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the development of the child's cognitive functioning. 相似文献
4.
H Midorikawa A Tsuda K Satoh K Akuzawa T Igari S Hoshino 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,50(13):1104-1107
This report describes a case in which a 68-year-old male underwent two operations simultaneously for left coronary ostial stenosis and gastric cancer. Successfully performed procedures were a single coronary artery grafting with the saphenous vein to the left anterior descending artery, and a subtotal gastrectomy using the Billroth II method. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged from the hospital in good condition after 42 days. At present, one-year postoperative, the patient has been visiting the outpatient clinic in healthy condition. 相似文献
5.
Masafumi Itoh Osamu Sakurada Minoru Hashiba Kouichi Hiramatsu Yukio Nurishi 《Journal of Materials Science》1996,31(12):3321-3324
An average shell volume occupied in the adsorption layer on alumina by a polyacrylic acid ammonium salts molecule (PAA) defined as the average area occupied by an adsorbed PAA on alumina multiplied by the average thickness of the water layer at the limit of thickening, has been calculated from the adsorbed amount of PAA and from the flow points of alumina in the presence of PAA of different molecular weights. A steric effect of the PAA dispersant on the dispersion of alumina resulted in a flow with no yield stress. This was due to the change of the extension of PAA in the adsorption shell from a sphere to an ellipsoid with a long axis which exceeded the effective distance that the van der Waals attraction force reaches at a molecular weight for the PAA of between 10 000–20 000. 相似文献
6.
M Tanji F Iwaya T Igari T Ogawa K Takahashi S Hoshino 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,44(12):2146-2150
This report describes a 5-year-old girl with congenital tricuspid regurgitation associated with an atrial septal defect and peripheral pulmonary stenosis. The girl was diagnosed with the heart murmur at birth and recently developed the cardiomegaly. Cardiac echocardiography and catheterization showed severe tricuspid regurgitation, an atrial septal defect of the secundum type and peripheral pulmonary stenosis. In the operative findings, the tricuspid annulus was dilated to 33 mm in diameter, and leaflets were attached normally to the antomic annulus. There was a large cleft of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. Suture of the cleft and annuloplasty of the tricuspid valve, suture closure of the atrial septal defect and patch dilatation of peripheral pulmonary stenosis were successfully performed. Including this case, 19 other cases with congenital tricuspid regurgitation undergoing surgery were reported to date. 相似文献
7.
Toshimitsu Suzuki Osamu Yamada Yasuhiko Takahashi Yoshihisa Watanabe 《Fuel Processing Technology》1985,10(1):33-43
Hydroliquefaction of low-sulfur Australian coals (Wandoan and Yallourn) was studied using iron carbonyl complexes as catalyst. The addition of Fe(CO)5 (2.8 wt% Fe of coal) increased coal conversion from 48.6 to 85.2% for Wandoan coal, and from 36.7 to 69.7% for Yallourn coal in 1-methylnaphthalene at 425°C under an initial hydrogen pressure of 50 kg cm?2. When molecular sulfur was added to iron carbonyls (Fe(CO)5, Fe2(CO)9 and Fe3(CO)12), higher coal converions ( > 92%) and higher oil yields (>46%) were obtained, along with an increase in the amount of hydrogen transferred to coal from the gas phase (0.2 to 2.8%, d.a.f. coal basis). In the liquefaction studies using a hydrogen donor solvent, tetralin, Fe(CO)5S catalyst increased the amount of hydrogen absorbed from the gaseous phase and decreased the amount of naphthalene dehydrogenated from tetralin. The direct hydrogen transfer reaction from molecular hydrogen to coal fragment radicals seems to be a major reaction pathway. Organic sulfur compounds, dimethyldisulfide and benzothiophene, and inorganic FeS2 and NiS were found to be good sulfur sources to Fe(CO)5. From X-ray diffraction analyses of liquefaction residues, it is concluded that Fe(CO)5 was converted into pyrrhotite (Fe1?xS) when sulfur was present, but into Fe3O4 in the absence of sulfur. 相似文献
8.
Osamu Umezawa 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(2):543-553
To achieve higher fatigue resistance against subsurface crack generation, both the refinement of grain structure and the introduction
of mobile dislocations on various slip systems have been shown to be effective in the 32Mn-7Cr austenitic steel. A novel treatment
which consisted of cold grooved rolling and partial recrystallization was introduced to modify the microstructure. High-cycle
fatigue properties and fatigue-crack generation were investigated for both the solution-treated (ST) and the partially recrystallized
(PR) materials at 77 K. The PR material displayed higher fatigue strength than the ST material, especially in the high-cycle
regime. No subsurface crack generation was detected for the PR material; however, it appeared in the lower peak stress and/or
in the longer-life range for the ST material. Intergranular facets formed a subsurface crack initiation site in the ST material.
Since the dislocation structure that developed in the fatigued PR material assisted homogeneous and multidirectional plastic
deformation, the localized deformation and/or the stress concentration at the grain boundaries by coplanar arrays were believed
to be relieved. Therefore, intergranular cracking due to incompatibility at a grain boundary may disappear. 相似文献
9.
The photovoltaic (PV) power systems in Japan made great strides in the past decade. The PV industry in the 1990s greatly depended on the research projects and dissemination programs carried out by the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. However, the industrial structure for full-scale deployment of the PV system is currently being established by the manufacturers’ continuous efforts to reduce the PV system cost and the government’s consecutive supports to create the initial market. It is expected that the synergetic effect of the cost reduction and incentives for introduction will activate the PV industry and its market more and more toward achieving 5000 MW of the capacity in FY 2010. 相似文献
10.
K Tarao H Hoshino A Shimizu S Ohkawa M Harada Y Nakamura Y Ito S Tamai N Okamoto 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,75(6):1255-1262
BACKGROUND: The relationship between echosonographic patterns of patients with cirrhosis who are antihepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive, the DNA synthesis of hepatocytes, and the risk for HCC were studied. METHODS: Thirty-eight patients with anti-C-100 antibody-positive and Child's grade A posthepatitic cirrhosis were studied. DNA synthesis activity was measured by a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, a thymidine analogue)-labeling index (LI), using the BrdU-anti-BrdU in vitro method, and the patients were followed prospectively by frequent liver ultrasonography for 3 years. The ultrasound patterns were classified into fine, coarse, and coarse-nodular (CN) patterns, and the reproducibility of the classification in practical use also was confirmed. RESULTS: Of the 21 patients with high DNA synthesizing cirrhosis (BrdU LI > or = 1.5%), 10 (48%) showed coarse-nodular, 5 (24%) coarse, and 6 (29%) fine pattern in ultrasonography. Conversely, of the 17 patients with low DNA synthesizing LC (BrdU LI < 1.5%), only 1 (6%) showed coarse-nodular, 2 (12%) coarse, and 14 (82%) fine pattern. A significant relationship was found between the two groups of BrdU LI and ultrasound imaging patterns (P < 0.05). The incidence of CN pattern was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the high DNA synthesizing group than in low DNA synthesizing group. Of the 11 patients with CN pattern by ultrasound imaging, 10 (91%) were in the high DNA synthesizing group, and 9 (82%) developed HCC during the follow-up period, compared with 3 of 7 (43%) with coarse, and only one of 20 (5%) with fine pattern developed HCC. The incidence of HCC was significantly higher (P < 0.01) in patients with a CN cirrhosis pattern than in those with a fine pattern. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with cirrhosis who are anti-HCV-positive, the CN pattern by ultrasound imaging indicates increased DNA synthesis of hepatocytes and a high risk for developing HCC. 相似文献