冷库的最优化设计与应用

冷库是冷链体系的关键设备之一，其设计技术的优劣，将直接关系到冷库的初期建设总投资、后期冷库的运行费用、管理费用等一系列重要的经济指标；在一定程度上决定了冷库在食品的加工、存储过程中的经济效益。本文通过对冷库的计算机优化设计结果和工程实例进行对比分析，证明了最优化设计在冷库设计中的可行性，并得出了一些对工程设计具有指导意义的结论和图表。     

Self-emulsifiable soybean oil phosphate ester polyols for low-VOC corrosion resistant coatings

A series of soybean oil phosphate ester polyols (SOPEP) was prepared by reaction of fully epoxidized soybean oil with phosphoric acid and simultanoeous hydrolysis in the presence of a polar solvent. The polyols were characterized by determination of acid value, oxirane number, hydroxyl value, molecular weight (GPC), and FTIR spectra. These polyols with varying amounts of acid phosphate groups could be self-emulsified to form aqueous dispersions after neutralization with organic base. These aqueous dispersion showed varying degrees of stability and their appearance ranged from opaque dispersions to translucent to clear solutions. Waterborne coating compositions were prepared using these aqueous dispersions as principal components and their thermally cured film properties were studied. it was found that by careful selection and formulation, SOPEPs can be successfully used for low-VOC waterborne coating formulations. SOPEPs with 3.5% phosphate ester content showed visibly superior corrosion resistance properties.     

Parameter identification of proton exchange membrane fuel cell via Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation algorithm

It is essential to develop an accurate model of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for a reliable operation and analysis, in which unknown parameters usually need to be determined. The inherent nonlinear, strong coupling, and diversification of PEMFC model seriously hinder traditional methods to identify the parameters. For the sake of overcoming these thorny obstacles, Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagation (LMBP) algorithm based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed for PEMFC parameter identification. Furthermore, the performance of LMBP is thoroughly evaluated and compared with four typical meta-heuristic algorithms under three cases. Simulation results indicate that LMBP performs a higher accuracy and faster speed for parameter identification. In particular, accuracy and convergence speed can achieve as much as 99.8% and 95.9% growth via LMBP, respectively.     

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Microstructure of Laser-Remelted INCONEL 718 Coating

The rapid cooling rate was achieved during laser remelting with high scanning speed. The microstructure and precipitations in the INCONEL 718 remelted layer were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and solid phase microextraction (SPME). The phase transition temperatures were carried out by differential thermal analysis (DTA). The results showed that columnar-dendritic and equiaxial structures appeared in different regions of the remelted layer. The dendritic spacing of the columnar dendrite and equiaxed grain size decreased with increasing scanning speed. The precipitations in the remelted layer consisted of Laves, granular phase, and a small quantity of quadrangular nitride (Ti, Nb)N. The granular phase Nb(Al, Ti) was precipitated at about 1272 K (999 °C) with the spontaneous decomposition of the supersaturation Laves during the cooling stage, and the small-size granule became coarsened to 0.2 to 0.9 μm during the cooling stage. The noncoherent relationship existed between the granular phase and austenite, and the coarsening of granule was related to the cube root of the diffusion coefficient, interfacial energy, and diffusion time. The microhardness of the remelted layer was increased by increasing the cooling rate due to the Nb atomic solid solution strengthening caused by the distorted elastic stress field and the short-range internal stress.     

Methane Adsorption on Microporous Carbon Adsorbent Prepared from Thermochemically Activated Wood

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - An EC-103 microporous carbon adsorbent was synthesized from wood using thermochemically activation with Н3РО4 as an...     

N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amide as novel environmentally friendly crosslinking agent for acid functional acrylic copolymer resin

N,N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) fatty amide (HAFA) derived from dehydrated castor oil (DCO) has been employed as a curing agent for a carboxylic acid functional acrylic resin (AAR). Coating compositions with a varying AAR/HAFA ratio have been prepared and their various film properties have been studied and compared with the conventional butylated melamine formaldehyde (MF) based systems. The study reveals that HAFA can be used successfully as a crosslinking agent for AAR in baking systems. In addition to other technical advantages, the use of HAFA is environmentally friendly as no toxic volatiles are evolved during curing reaction, unlike in MF-cured systems. Department of Industrial Chemistry, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat 388 120 India. Hyderabad, India.     

浓酱兼香型白酒发酵酒醅微生物群落及理化指标对正丙醇产出的影响

该研究从24份浓酱兼香型白酒二轮次出池酒醅筛选出正丙醇含量高、中、低酒醅样品,对其理化指标进行分析,采用高通量测序技术分析其微生物群落结构,基于冗余分析（RDA）探讨正丙醇产量与理化因子、微生物群落相关性。结果表明,3份酒醅样品水分、总酸、还原糖以及氨基酸态氮含量差异显著（P＜0.05）;共检出16个微生物属（3个细菌属,13个真菌属）,其中,共有优势细菌属为乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）（相对丰度＞1%）,共有优势真菌属为曲霉属（Aspergillus）、伊萨酵母属（Issatchenkia）（相对丰度＞1%）。RDA结果表明,酒醅的水分、氨基酸态氮、总酸、乳杆菌属、曲霉属、伊萨酵母属、嗜热子囊菌属（Thermoascus）、毕赤酵母属（Pichia）与正丙醇产出呈负相关,还原糖、毛孢子菌属（Trichosporon）、枝芽孢杆菌属（Virgibacillus）、克罗彭斯特菌属（Kroppenstedtia）与正丙醇产出呈正相关。     

Interfacial adhesion measurement of a ceramic coating on metal substrate

The interfacial adhesion measurement of a ceramic coating on a metal substrate is studied by three-point bending (3PB) technique. In the measurement, interfacial cracks are induced during the 3PB test, and the interfacial energy release rate is calculated from the released energy per unit crack surface area during crack extension under the fixed displacement conditions. A finite element analysis (FEA) model encompassing the plastic behavior of the metal substrate is developed to simulate the 3PB test and extract the energy data. The inputs to the FEA model include the crack length, the maximum and critical loads corresponding to crack initiation, and the mechanical properties of the coating and substrate. A MoB/CoCr ceramic coating/stainless steel substrate system is investigated by the technique for demonstrating the utility of the technique.     

黄河下游平滩河槽形态与水沙搭配之关系

概括总结了对黄河下游断面几何特征与水沙关系(断面河相关系)的研究现状,基于"记忆"效应提出了几何特征与前期水沙的公式,利用1969～1996年水沙资料以及1973～1996年花园口～利津河段统测断面资料进行了统计分析,建立了花园口～高村、高村～艾山、艾山～利津河段平滩几何特征与前期水沙参数的(沿程河相)关系,认为各河段断面平滩几何特征与前期(前4年)水沙搭配条件有关,前期冲淤对断面形态的影响可以通过水沙搭配来反映,边界条件对断面形态的影响可以通过水沙参数的指数来反映.