Critical transition between cohesive and population-dividing responses to change

Globalization and global climate change will probably be accompanied by rapid social and biophysical changes that may be caused by external forcing or internal nonlinear dynamics. These changes often subject residing populations (human or otherwise) to harsh environments and force them to respond. Research efforts have mostly focused on the underlying mechanisms that drive these changes and the characteristics of new equilibria towards which populations would adapt. However, the transient dynamics of how populations respond under these new regimes is equally, if not more, important, and systematic analysis of such dynamics has received less attention. Here, we investigate this problem under the framework of replicator dynamics with fixed reward kernels. We show that at least two types of population responses are possible—cohesive and population-dividing transitions—and demonstrate that the critical transition between the two, as well as other important properties, can be expressed in simple relationships between the shape of reward structure, shift magnitude and initial strategy diversity. Importantly, these relationships are derived from a simple, yet powerful and versatile, method. As many important phenomena, from political polarization to the evolution of distinct ecological traits, may be cast in terms of division of populations, we expect our findings and method to be useful and applicable for understanding population responses to change in a wide range of contexts.     

Fuzzy Near Compactness Based Personalized Recommendation for Preventing Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension from Cardiovascular Complication

Undeniably, preventing cardiovascular complication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension is a challenge in the healthcare area. However, the prevention of these patients from a cardiovascular complication does not obtain much attention despite the rate of morbidity and mortality with cardiovascular complication increasing every year. To prevent each individual patient from not getting worse in health status, personalized recommendation is revealed as the most effective motivation in self-healthcare management with optimal process. Consequently, this paper proposes a personalized recommendation using the intelligent supporting system to prevent the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension from a cardiovascular complication, whereas the appropriated activities of daily living will be recommended as a suitable lifestyle. This recommendation system is modeled with fuzzy near compactness to measure the similarity between the patient’s conditions and practice plans in order to retrieve the most optimal practice programme which is obtained as a personalized plan for each patient. To conduct this model, this paper acquired the clinical data, lifestyle data, and trends of health status data from the patient history. The recommendation by this proposed model was suggested from the fuzzy near compactness algorithm which was constructed from the knowledge and experience of ten medical experts. The experimental results, on 744 datasets based on the total of checking up of 162 patients, show that the proposed recommendation model can achieve 96.63% accuracy when compared with the diagnostic results made by other five medical experts.

     

Ag、Bi、In和Sb添加对Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge无铅焊料性能的改变（英文）

对用于替换Sn-Pb共晶焊料的Sn-Ag-Cu(SAC)焊料来说,Sn-Cu-Ni-Ge焊料是一个巨大的挑战。本文作者研究添加Ag、Bi、In和Sb对Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge(SCNG)无铅焊料物理性能的影响及与铜基体的界面反应。研究SCNG-x焊料的熔化行为、显微组织、抗拉强度和润湿性。结果表明,Ag、Bi、In和Sb的引入对焊料的固相温度、液相温度和抗拉强度有微小的影响。但是,合金元素的浓度会影响焊料的冷却性能和凝固组织。除锑以外的合金元素的添加,提高了SCNG焊料的润湿性。合金元素的加入增加了金属间化合物层的厚度,这与焊料的冷却行为有关。SCNG-x焊料与铜基体之间的金属间化合物层形貌与典型的SAC焊料不同。总之,用Ag、Bi、In或Sb对SCNG焊料进行合金化,可以改善焊料的特性。     

Mobile-Based Self-Monitoring for Preventing Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension from Cardiovascular Complication

Currently, there is less attention to the prevention of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension from cardiovascular complication, although it is the significant cause of death for these patients worldwide. To be prevented from this complication, these patients should develop their self-monitoring skills along with their healthcare journey. Consequently, this paper aims to provide an efficient mobile-based self-monitoring that can encourage patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension to improve their health status. The distinctive point of the proposed mobile application is the trend progression module for demonstrating the progression of four health statuses for the patients. This trend progression is modeled with a fuzzy logic-based method. The rules are generated based on clinical data, lifestyle data, and experience of healthcare professionals. There are eleven healthcare professionals involved in this paper. The experiment with one hundred twenty-one patients shows that the proposed mobile application provides 92% trend progression accuracy compared with healthcare professionals’ decisions. The developed mobile application obtains the function satisfaction and performance satisfaction in the “strongly satisfied” level. Besides, the developed mobile application can encourage 85% of patients to improve their health statuses. It can be seen that this paper is a new aspect of encouraging patients to concern more about the improvement of their health statuses anywhere and anytime.

     

Property alterations of Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge lead-free solder by Ag,Bi, In and Sb addition

The Sn-Cu-Ni-Ge solder is a strong challenger to the Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solders as a replacement for the Sn-Pb eutectic solder. This research investigated the effects of addition of Ag, Bi, In, and Sb on the physical properties of the Sn-0.6Cu-0.05Ni-Ge (SCNG) lead-free solder and the interfacial reaction with the Cu substrate. The melting behavior, microstructure, tensile strength, and wettability of the SCNG–x (x=Ag, Bi, In, Sb) solders were examined. The findings revealed that the introduction of Ag, Bi, In, and Sb minimally altered the solidus temperature, liquidus temperature, and tensile strength of the solder. However, the cooling behavior and solidified microstructure of the solder were affected by the concentration of the alloying elements. The wettability of the SCNG solder was improved with the doping of the alloying elements except Sb. The thickness of intermetallic layer was increased by the addition of the alloying elements and was related to the cooling behavior of the solder. The morphology of intermetallic layer between the SCNG–x solders and the Cu substrate was different from that of the typical SAC solders. In conclusion, alloying the SCNG solder with Ag, Bi, In or Sb is able to improve particular properties of the solder.