Revamping of the process condensate treatment unit. G-43-107M/1 unit at LiNOS Ltd

Increasing attention at oil refineries is being focused on solving environmental problems caused by stiffening of the requirements for emissions of harmful substances into air and water. Advanced technologies that reduce the effect of industrial enterprises on the environment to the minimum are becoming increasingly in demand. Treatment of process wastewaters to remove hydrogen sulfide and ammonia is one such problem of the modern refinery with cat crackers. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 52–55, May–June, 2006.     

Study of thermal shock resistance of fired and unfired zirconia refractories

Conclusions Comparative studies were made of fired and unfired refractories based on zirconium dioxide. The fired refractories are more resistant to cracking. However, the unfired materials possess a higher resistance to the development of cracking which is noted during the registration of surface deformations in the process of destruction of the specimen; and this is confirmed by analytical criterial evaluation.The determination of the destructive drop in temperatures before the development of the first crack in specimens based on granular bodies should not be considered as a reliable evaluation of the thermal shock resistance of the refractories.A new method was developed for observing the nature of the failure in specimens during thermal loading.Translated from Ogneupory No. 1, pp. 52–56, January, 1973.     

Effect of nonuniform drill mud cake on stress state of reservoir rocks

The article describes simulation of stress state and pore pressure in a reservoir, in the vicinity of a horizontal well, subjected to the hydromechanical effect of drilling mud, using the poroelastic model of reservoir deformation, which accounts for the dynamics of the drill mud cake formation on the wellbore walls. It is illustrated how the stress and pore pressure are distributed when no cake is formed and in cases f the uniform-permeable and nonuniform-permeable cake.     

The simulation of transport processes using the method of molecular dynamics. Self-diffusion coefficient

The possibility is investigated of using the method of molecular dynamics for calculating the self-diffusion coefficient of liquids and gases. The exactness of calculation of the autocorrelation function of the velocity of molecules and of the self-diffusion coefficient is systematically estimated. The characteristic errors of the method are analyzed. Correlations are constructed which enable one to reduce the effect made on the results by the finiteness of the number of particles, by the time of calculation, and by the number of measurements. The method of molecular dynamics is used to obtain the self-diffusion coefficients of moderately dense gases and study the plateau values of self-diffusion coefficients. The calculations involve from 125 to 64 000 molecules.     

Force acting on a nanoparticle in a fluid

A force acting on a nanoparticle occurring in a fluid has been studied by the molecular dynamics method. It is shown that this force is nonstationary and exhibits a relaxation character. At the initial instant, it is two to three times the Stokes force, but then decreases and, outside the first relaxation region, becomes smaller than the Stokes force. A stationary force acting on a nanoparticle is determined by the particle mass and size. Correlation expressions for determining the drag coefficient are constructed. It is established that the drag force is anisotropic.     

Technologies for Producing of Environmentally Safe Process Oils

Processes for the manufacturing of environmentally benign aromatic process oils for petrochemical and tire industry have been surveyed. Selective solvents with an optimal combination of selectivity, thermal stability, and toxicity are used for extractive removal of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from solvent extracts as feedstock.