中国共产党坚守人民立场的三重逻辑

高度自觉的人民立场贯穿于中国共产党建立、发展到强大的全过程.回望百年发展史,中国共产党从马克思主义经典作家和中国优秀传统文化中汲取养分所形成的人民立场,成为中国共产党带领全国各族人民取得新民主主义革命、社会主义建设和改革开放等一系列胜利的根本保障.站在百年历史交汇点上,从理论建构、历史发展和时代价值三重维度出发探析中国共产党的人民立场,对于建设社会主义现代化强国、推进党的"两个伟大革命"、构建人类命运共同体,进而实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦具有重要的现实意义.     

一水硫酸氢钠催化合成乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯

以一水硫酸氢钠为催化剂,由乙二醇单甲醚和冰乙酸合成了乙二醇单甲醚乙酸酯。考察了乙二醇单甲醚和冰乙酸摩尔比及催化剂用量对酯化率的影响。适宜反应条件为:乙二醇单甲醚∶冰乙酸∶一水硫酸氢钠=1∶1.75∶0.036(摩尔比),苯作带水剂,回流分水60min,酯化率达90.0%。产品经元素分析和红外光谱表征。     

维生素C催化合成乳酸异戊酯

首次利用维生素C催化乳酸和异戊醇合成了乳酸异戊酯。在0．1mol乳酸，0．2mol异戊醇和0．2g维生素C作用下，回流分水60min，酯收率达60．0％。结果表明：维生素C能够代替硫酸作为乳酸酯化的催化剂。     

不同发芽阶段小麦降落数值变化规律的研究

以采自河北、河南、安徽及新疆4个省区不同年份生产的9个小麦样品为材料,对不同发芽阶段小麦降落数值的变化情况进行了系统分析.结果表明:随着发芽时间的延长,小麦降落数值呈递减趋势,但递减到一定程度后,虽然发芽仍在继续,降落数值却基本不再发生大幅变化,而是趋于稳定,说明发芽小麦的α-淀粉酶活性达到一定程度后其活性不再增强.     

Preparation and sintering of nano Fe coated Si3N4 composite powders

Fe/Si₃N₄ composite powder was synthesized by the heterogeneous precipitation-thermal reduction process, and then pressed into flakes under a pressure of 10 MPa. Flakes were sintered by pressureless and hot-pressing at 1 600 °C under 0.1 MPa N₂. The chemical composition, phases and microstructure of composite powder and sintered flakes were investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the structure of composite powders is Si₃N₄ coated by nano Fe. The crystal phases of sintered flakes by pressureless are Fe(Si) compound, SiC and Si₃N₄. The crystal phases of the sintered samples by hot-pressing are Fe, Fe(Si) compound and Si₃N₄. It is found that crystal phases flakes obtained by pressureless and hot-pressing are very different. Foundation item: Project(50804016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

油酸二聚甘油酯的合成及其柔软保湿纸的测试

以油酸缩水甘油酯和甘油为原料，在固体酸催化剂（活性炭负载硫酸）作用下，通过开环反应制得油酸二聚甘油酯。通过FTIR和1HNMR对产物结构进行表征，并将其用作柔软保湿剂涂覆到面巾纸上对纸张的柔软度、保湿性、抗张强度等性能进行测试。结果表明：油酸二聚甘油酯具有优异的柔软保湿性能，在油酸二聚甘油酯添加量为甘油水溶液质量的0.25%时，面巾纸的柔软度（49 mN）优于市面上有机硅柔软剂改性的面巾纸柔软度（68 mN），这是由于大分子柔软剂能够对纤维表面的缺陷进行修复，从而使纤维表面平整度的提升。且在温度为30 ℃，湿度为60%时，油酸二聚甘油酯型柔软保湿剂涂覆后的面巾纸的保水率（98.2%）也略高于有机硅柔软剂涂覆后的面巾纸的保水率（96.5%）。     

Surface nanocrystallization of commercial pure titanium by shot peening

The surface nanostructures of commercial pure titanium was realized by the modified shot peening equipment commonly used in industry through the special treatment process. The results show that high-energy-shot-peening(HESP) commonly used to prepare nanostructured surface layers can be achieved by the increase of pill size, pill speed, and treatment time in the commercial shot peening equipment. XRD, SEM and TEM were used to characterize the surface layer microstructure of treated specimens. The analytic results show that the main deformation mode of commercial pure Ti is twinning. At the beginning of deformation, the dislocations are formed and twins occur within or on plane, then twins in intersection plane appear, and at last the twin characteristics disappear in the surface layer after longer treatment time. The deformation layer depth increases with treatment time in a certain period when the pill size and speed are unchanged. And in the severe plastic deformation (SPD) layer in which the twins are not identified easily by using SEM, the nanocrystalline microstructures are found under TEM. The finest grain size in the surface layer is about 40 nm, and the depth of nanostructured layers is over 60 μm. The microhardness of the nanostructured surface layers is enhanced significantly after shot peening compared with that of the initial simple.     

交流伺服系统最优模糊控制器设计

PID控制器性能好坏的关键在于比例、积分和微分参数的选择.传统PID调节器中参数的选择主要依靠反复调试和经验知识,但由于参数之间的互相影响以及PID调节器对被控对象的鲁棒性较差,因此将其应用于交流伺服系统中难以取得满意的效果.根据交流伺服系统高精度、快响应的要求,设计了一种应用于交流伺服系统的基于适应性遗传算法优化的交流伺服系统模糊PID控制器.试验结果表明:该控制方法响应快、鲁棒性强,系统具有较好的动、静态性能和抗干扰能力.     

表面纳米化对1Cr17不锈钢耐氧化性的影响

用热重仪（TGA）、X-射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及其能谱（EDX），研究了表面纳米化对1Cr17不锈钢在700℃水蒸气中耐氧化性的影响。氧化动力学表明，在氧化开始阶段，表面纳米化后氧化速度高于原始样品，与传统喷丸处理后的耐氧化性能相当，但在氧化2小时时就很快达到钝化，氧化速度明显低于原始样品和经传统喷丸的样品。无论是否纳米化处理和经过传统喷丸处理，高温氧化时都在表面部形成T（FeCr）2O3型氧化物。但表面纳米化后由于表层高密度的晶界为Cr原子的扩散提供了快速通道，使得（FeCr）203型氧化物中Cr的浓度迅速提高，形成了致密的Cr2O3层，使得耐氧化性能提高。     

基于VB的凸轮轮廓测量平台的研制

介绍了凸轮轮廓测量平台的组成、工作原理和实现方法。首先，设计出了下位机测量电路的硬件和软件流程；其次，给出了下位机与上位机之间传输数据格式；最后，基于VB6．0的环境设计出上、下位机通信和测量数据管理分析软件。该测量平台可以应用于凸轮机构的教学、设计和制造过程。