冷坩埚熔铸技术的研究及开发现状

综述了冷坩埚技术的原理和特点、目前的研究及开发现状。冷坩埚具有无污染，可熔化高熔点金属，制备的材料组织均匀等优点。冷坩埚技术在以下领域得到广泛的研究和应用：与熔化技术相结合能高纯均匀熔炼活性金属，通过起熔材料能制备陶瓷材料；与连铸技术相结合能进行冷坩埚电磁连铸技术，提高铸锭表面质量，改善内部组织；与定向凝固和连铸技术相结合的冷坩埚定向凝固技术已成功进行钛合金的定向凝固；与多晶硅制备技术相结合能连续制备多晶硅，杂质含量少；与雾化沉积技术相结合的冷坩埚雾化沉积技术具有熔化合金种类多、适用范围广的优点。冷坩埚的自身特点决定了其必将更受重视和广阔发展前景。     

Ti/Al扩散偶中间相长大过程的数值模拟(英文)

为研究固态Ti/Al扩散偶的扩散反应,将Ti/Al箔构成的扩散偶分别在525,550,575和600°C退火1～40h。实验结果表明TiAl3是Ti/Al界面处生成的唯一相。TiAl3的优先长大是界面热力学作用的结果。TiAl3相主要向Al箔一侧长大,其长大过程符合抛物线规律。在晶界扩散的基础上,用有限差分方法模拟TiAl3相的长大过程,模拟结果和实验结果吻合较好。     

定向凝固Ti-46Al-8Nb合金的微观组织演变与微观偏析(英文)

在3～70μm/s的生长速度范围内对Ti-46Al-8Nb(摩尔分数,%)合金进行定向凝固实验,研究其微观组织演变和微观偏析形式。在该生长速度范围内,固-液界面表现为规则的枝晶生长,一次枝晶间距随着生长速度的加快而逐渐减小。在定向凝固过程中观察到典型的L+β→α包晶反应,最终得到具有α2/γ层片和B2相的微观组织。在各个晶粒中,层片与β相枝晶初始生长方向呈0°或45°。包晶反应导致严重的成分偏析,在凝固过程中,铝富集在枝晶间,铌富集在枝晶心部。随着α相的形核和生长,铌的偏析程度逐渐增大,从而促进B2相的析出,而富集在枝晶间的铝在包晶反应发生后逐渐变得均匀、一致。     

矩形冷坩埚定向凝固过程中钛铝熔体的流场数值计算(英文)

对矩形冷坩埚定向凝固钛铝合金熔体流场开展数值模拟研究。结合实验结果,建立熔体流场的3-D有限元模型,研究不同电源参数下熔池内流动特性。计算结果表明:熔池内存在着复杂的循环流动,在固液界面前端存在着较为强烈的径向对流,并在中部合流。熔体流动随着电流强度的增强而增强,但是宏观流动形貌并没有改变。当电流为1000A时,熔池内最大流速为4mm/s,固—液界面前端达到3mm/s。当频率从10kHz变化到100kHz时,熔池流动形貌发生明显改变,分析其影响机制。对于冷坩埚定向凝固,存在着一个最佳频率。     

工艺参数影响冷坩埚熔铸Ti6Al4V温度场计算

为有效利用冷坩埚,更优控制工艺参数,获得良好冶金质量的铸棒,计算了冷坩埚连续熔铸与定向凝固Ti6Al4V温度场,对冷坩埚熔凝条件下的边界条件、驼峰和运动单元作相应处理.计算结果表明:在52kW,抽拉速度为1.2、3、4.8、6mm/min时,随抽拉速度增加,送料棒熔化量减小,驼峰过热度变小,凝固界面位置下移,形状变凹;抽拉速度为1.2mm/min时为平凝固界面.在抽拉速度为3mm/min,功率为44、48、52kW和56kW时,随功率增大,送料棒熔化区域变大且过热度增加,驼峰体积增大且过热度增加,凝固界面位置下移,形状变凹;48kW时为平凝固界面.工艺参数对凝固界面的影响计算结果与实验结果基本一致.     

Preparation and Microstructure Evaluation of Directionally Solidified Nd-Fe-B Ingots by Electromagnetic Cold Crucible

In this paper Nd-Fe-B ingots with hyper-peritectic composition were prepared through continuous and directional solidification by a novel electromagnetic cold crucible approach.A group of experiments were carried out in order to investigate the effects of input power and withdrawal velocity on the microstructure and growth orientation of Nd-Fe-B phases.It was found that the peritectic Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase grows with a planar interface at lower withdrawal velocity and changed into the dendritic interface at higher withdrawal velocity.The result was explained by the theory of constitutional supercooling.Meanwhile the volume fraction of ferromagnetic T₁ phase was found to be increased first and then decreased with the increasing of withdrawal velocity during the growth process of the ingots.     

Process on cold crucible electromagnetic casting for titanium alloy

The parameters and factors that influence the surface quality and macrostructure of titanium alloy with reactive properties under liquid state were studied experimentally using a cold crucible electromagnetic casting method. The variations in the process parameters have great impact on the surface quality and macrostructure of cast billets. Billets with crack free and smooth surfaces as well as directional solidified primary structures were obtained after the selection of optimized process parameters. The formation mechanisms of defects such as cracks and non-directional structural morphology were interpreted briefly. Finally, the casting of billets with good outer qualities and inner column grains has been attained successfully, which in turn gives a solid foundation for further development of the technology.     

镧对NbMoTiVSi0.2难熔高熵合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

为了研究La对难熔高熵合金显微组织与力学性能的影响,制备不同La含量的NbMoTiVSi0.2合金,并对其相组成、显微组织演变、压缩性能及相关机理进行系统分析.结果表明,不同La含量的合金由BCC固溶体、共晶组织、MSi2二硅化物和La析出相组成.共晶组织及大部分La析出相在晶界处形成,而二硅化物相在晶粒内部形成.La...     

行波磁场作用对凝固过程中气泡的影响

研究行波磁场对铝合金除气行为的影响,计算行波磁场对气泡形核临界半径的影响。结果表明：在行波磁场作用下,气泡的临界形核半径随着电磁场强度的增大呈线性递减,电磁力促进了气泡的非均匀形核,电磁力使得气泡在熔体中长大,并在电磁力的驱动下向熔体的外部溢出。试样中的气泡数随行波磁场感应强度的增大而减少。