AlGaN-based quantum-well heterostructures for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes grown by submonolayer discrete plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy

Features of plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy of AlGaN compounds at relatively low temperatures of the substrate (no higher than 740°C) and various stoichiometric conditions for growth of the nitrogen- and metal-enriched layers are studied. Discrete submonolayer epitaxy for formation of quantum wells and n-type blocking layers without varying the fluxes of components was used for the first time in the case of molecular- beam epitaxy with plasma activation of nitrogen for the nanostructures with the Al _x Ga_{1 ? x} N/Al _y Ga_{1 ? y} N quantum wells. Structural and optical properties of the Al _x Ga_{1 ? x} N layers in the entire range of compositions (x = 0–1) and nanostructures based on these layers are studied; these studies indicate that there is photoluminescence at room temperature with minimum wavelength of 230 nm. Based on the analysis of the photoluminescence spectra for bulk layers and nanoheterostructures and their temperature dependences, it is concluded that there are localized states in quantum wells. Using the metal-enriched layers grown on the c-Al₂O₃ substrates, heterostructures for light-emitting diodes with Al _x Ga_{1 ? x} N/Al _y Ga_{1 ? y} N quantum wells (x = 0.4–0.5, y = x + 0.15) were obtained and demonstrated electroluminescence in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum at the wavelength of 320 nm.     

Study of the growth of YBa2Cu3O7−x films on a Al2O3 single crystal with a CeO2 buffer sublayer

Superconducting YBa₂Cu₃O_7−x films were prepared by magnetron sputtering on Al₂O₃ single crystals with a CeO₂ sublayer. Scattering of moderate-energy ions and x-ray diffraction were used to show that the films exhibit good single-crystal properties over the entire thickness up to 2.6 μm. The hypothesis is advanced that the indentations formed by the growth of films above “extraneous” phase grains may act as defect sinks. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 91–95 (January 12, 1998)     

Operating characteristics and their anisotropy in a high-power laser (1.5 W, 300 K) with a quantum-dot active region

Continuous-wave lasing has been demonstrated in a vertically coupled quantum-dot laser with a high output power (1.5 W) at room temperature. It was shown that anisotropy of the quantum dot profile leads to anisotropy of the laser operating characteristics. Pis’ma Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 24, 50–55 (May 12, 1998)     

ATP-Independent Initiation during Cap-Independent Translation of m6A-Modified mRNA

The methylation of adenosine in the N⁶ position (m⁶A) is a widely used modification of eukaryotic mRNAs. Its importance for the regulation of mRNA translation was put forward recently, essentially due to the ability of methylated mRNA to be translated in conditions of inhibited cap-dependent translation initiation, e.g., under stress. However, the peculiarities of translation initiation on m⁶A-modified mRNAs are not fully known. In this study, we used toeprinting and translation in a cell-free system to confirm that m⁶A-modified mRNAs can be translated in conditions of suppressed cap-dependent translation. We show for the first time that m⁶A-modified mRNAs display not only decreased elongation, but also a lower efficiency of translation initiation. Additionally, we report relative resistance of m⁶A-mRNA translation initiation in the absence of ATP and inhibited eIF4A activity. Our novel findings indicate that the scanning of m⁶A-modified leader sequences is performed by a noncanonical mechanism.     

Effect of cold deformation on me structure and properties of aluminum alloy 1441 sheets

The new, deformable alloy 1441 (system Al - Cu - Mg - Li - Zr) has a lower density (by 6.8%) and a higher elasticity modulus (by 12%) than alloy 1163 (3.8 - 4.5% Cu, 1.2 - 1.6% Mg, 0.4 - 0.8% Mn, and Al), and a longer service life for comparable strength properties. Investigation of the properties and structure of alloy 1441 after deformation is of interest.Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 2, pp. 20 – 22, February, 1995.     

Magnetic field control of a supersonic nitrogen flow

Magnetohydrodynamic impact on a cold supersonic nitrogen flow with external magnetic field was realized in an experimental complex based on the Big Shock Tube at the Ioffe Physicotechnical Institute. A pulsed supersonic flow with a Mach number of M=4 and steady phase duration of about 1.5 ms was created by expansion of the shock-heated nitrogen flow from a supersonic nozzle. The gas was ionized by pulsed discharge between two electrodes mounted on the nozzle wall so that an electric current of up to ∼500 A passed in the direction perpendicular to the gas flow at the dielectric wall. External magnetic field ∼0.3 T was perpendicular to the gas flow and the current direction. It is established that the magnetic field significantly modifies the shock wave structure in the flow.     

Solid solution decomposition mechanisms in cast and microcrystalline Al-Sc alloys: I. Experimental studies

The structure and the electrical and mechanical properties of Al-Mg-0.22 wt % Sc-0.15 wt % Zr alloys with various magnesium contents (0, 1.5, 4.5 wt %) are experimentally studied during the decomposition of the solid solution of scandium and zirconium in the states after solidification from a melt (cast ingots) and after subsequent multicycle equal-channel angular pressing (microcrystalline structure). The dependences of electrical resistivity ??, microhardness HV, macroelasticity limit ??₀, and yield strength ??_y on the annealing temperature and time are analyzed.