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Characteristics and functional properties of gelatin from seabass skin as influenced by defatting
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Thanasak Sae‐leaw Soottawat Benjakul Nora M. O'Brien Hideki Kishimura 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2016,51(5):1204-1211
Gelatins from nondefatted and defatted seabass skins were characterised and evaluated for their functional properties in comparison with commercial fish skin gelatin. All gelatins contained α1‐ and α2‐chains as the predominant components and showed a high imino acid content (199–201 residues/1000 residues). All gelatins had a relative solubility greater than 90% in the wide pH ranges (1–10). Foaming properties of all gelatins increased with increasing concentrations (1–3%, w/v). Gelatin from defatted skin had higher foam expansion and stability than that extracted from nondefatted skin. Emulsion containing gelatin from defatted skin had smaller oil droplet size (d32, d43), compared with that having gelatin from nondefatted skin (P < 0.05). After 10 days of storage at room temperature (28–30 °C), emulsion stabilised by gelatin from defatted skin showed the higher stability as indicated by the lower increases in d32 and d43, and lower flocculation factor and coalescence index. Coincidentally, emulsion stabilised by gelatin from defatted skin had higher zeta potential than that containing gelatin from nondefatted skin. Thus, defatting of seabass skin directly affected characteristics and functional properties of resulting gelatin. 相似文献
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Thanasak Nilsonthi Somrerk Chandra-ambhorn Yves Wouters Alain Galerie 《Oxidation of Metals》2013,79(3-4):325-335
The mechanical adhesion of thermally-formed oxide scales formed on industrial hot-rolled low carbon steel strips produced through the blast-furnace route (conventional steel) or the electric-arc-furnace route (recycled steel) was studied. A new macro-tensile test was compared to a micro-tensile test previously used. It was observed that spallation of scales during straining increased with increasing the tensile strain rate. A higher strain rate resulted in a lower strain inducing the first spallation. As a result, the mechanical adhesion energy of scales actually formed on the recycled steel was in the range 300–700 J m?2. Comparison at the same strain rate of the conventional and recycled steels showed higher scale adhesion for the recycled steel due to the presence of high amounts of interfacial silica. 相似文献
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Effects of different spray drying temperatures (inlet temperatures of 160, 180, and 200°C) on characteristics, bioactivity, and sensory properties of gelatin hydrolysate from spotted golden goatfish scales using maltodextrin as a carrier agent were investigated. The yield of gelatin hydrolysate powder was higher, when inlet temperature increased (p?0.05). The resulting powders had more pronounced browning intensity with increasing inlet temperatures (p?0.05). With lower inlet temperatures, the powder showed shriveled surface, whereas higher inlet temperature resulted in the spherical powder with some shrinkage as analyzed by scanning electron microscope. 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of gelatin hydrolysate decreased as inlet temperatures increased (p?0.05). Fortification of gelatin hydrolysate powder (1–5%, w/v) into apple juice could increase ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging activities, and ferric reducing antioxidant power in a dose-dependent manner (p?0.05). 相似文献
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Effects of different pretreatments of seabass skin and various drying methods on properties and fishy odor/flavor of resulting gelatin were evaluated. All gelatins contained α- and β-chains as the predominant components. Generally, a higher gel strength was found in the freeze-dried gelatin, compared with spray-dried counterpart (p < 0.05). Gel strength of gelatin decreased as the inlet temperature for spray drying increased (p < 0.05). All gelatin samples had creamy whitish color but became more yellow as the inlet temperature for spray drying increased. All gelatin gels were sponge- or coral-like in structure. Gelatin from skin pretreated with citric acid had lower fishy odor/flavor than that from skin pretreated using acetic acid. The lower fishy odor/flavor with coincidentally lower abundance of volatile compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, etc., was found in gelatin obtained by spray drying, in comparison with its freeze-dried counterpart. The lower fishy odor/flavor in spray-dried gelatin was in accordance with the lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and peroxide values. Thus, spray drying in conjunction with an appropriated pretreatment could be an effective method for production of gelatin with negligible undesirable fishy odor and flavor. 相似文献
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Plastic shrinkage cracking due to restrained shrinkage is a primary problem that often occurs in concrete structures with
a relatively large surface area, such as concrete walls, bridge decks, slabs, and overlays. These applications are susceptible
to rapid changes in temperature and humidity resulting in high water evaporation and high potential for shrinkage cracking.
Free shrinkage at early age is one of the most influential factors leading to tensile stresses in concrete structures. When
the tensile stress is higher than the tensile strength, cracking occurs. The addition of micro-fibers in amounts as small
as 0.1% by volume is an effective method to control plastic shrinkage cracking. However, the effect of fibers on the free
shrinkage and water evaporation of concrete is not clearly understood. The main objective of the study described in this paper
is to evaluate the influence of fibers on the free shrinkage and water evaporation of fiber reinforced cement composites during
the first 24,h after mixing, with particular attention to fiber content, fiber bond, and fiber stiffness. Prismatic concrete
specimens of 1000,mm in length and 100 × 60,mm in cross section were tested to measure their unrestrained shrinkage strain.
Simultaneously, flat concrete specimens of dimensions 327 × 230 × 50,mm were tested to determine loss of water by evaporation.
The tests were carried out under adverse environmental conditions known to encourage high shrinkage, namely high temperature,
low relative humidity, and exposure to high volume and velocity of air flow. Three types of fibers, polypropylene, PVA, and
carbon fibers were investigated at four different fiber volume fractions, namely: 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%. Experimental
results are presented and conclusions are drawn. 相似文献