The Effect of Nucleators on the Quality of the Surface of Glass-Ceramic Denture Coatings

The effect of nucleator additives on the surface relief and the degree of crystallization of material intended for the dentine and enamel layers of artificial denture is considered. It is established that hydroxyapatite additive is optimal for producing the required relief in the prime and dentine layers.     

Encoding Invariance in Average Case Complexity

When we represent a decision problem, like CIRCUIT-SAT, as a language over the binary alphabet, we usually do not specify how to encode instances by binary strings. This relies on the empirical observation that the truth of a statement of the form “CIRCUIT-SAT belongs to a complexity class C” does not depend on the encoding, provided both the encoding and the class C are “natural”. In this sense most of the Complexity theory is “encoding invariant”. The notion of a polynomial time computable distribution from Average Case Complexity is one of the exceptions from this rule. It might happen that a distribution over some objects, like circuits, is polynomial time computable in one encoding and is not polynomial time computable in the other encoding. In this paper we suggest an encoding invariant generalization of a notion of a polynomial time computable distribution. The completeness proofs of known distributional problems, like Bounded Halting, are simpler for the new class than for polynomial time computable distributions.     

Measurements of temperature spatial distribution and fluctuations in a hydrogen-oxygen flame at high pressures by means of coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

The results of measurements of the temperature field in a hydrogen-oxygen flame by means of broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy are presented. The measurements were performed at pressures up to 1.7 MPa and temperatures ~3000 K with the spatial resolution of ~0.04 × 0.04 × 2.5 mm³. The duration of a single measurement was 10 ns and the sampling rate was 10 Hz. The error of the temperature determination was ~4% for the single-shot measurements and ～0.15% for the measurements of the average values during 100 s under quasi-stationary burning conditions.     

Positional‐Species Composition of Triacylglycerols from the Arils of Mature Euonymus Fruits

Positional‐species composition (PSC) of 1,2,3‐triacyl‐sn‐glycerols (TAG) from the arils of mature fruits of 13 species of Euonymus L. genus was established. The residues of six major fatty acids (FA), palmitic, stearic, hexadecenoic (H), octadecenoic (O), linoleic (L), and linolenic, were present in the TAG. PSC of TAG was determined by their partial lipase hydrolysis. By using hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses, it was definitely demonstrated that separate taxonomic units forming this genus were significantly distinguished as regards PSC of TAG. In particular, the Euonymus subgenus greatly exceeded the Kalonymus subgenus in both total content of L in TAG and in the rate of its incorporation into their mid‐position, while TAG of Kalonymus were marked by a prevalence of O‐TAG and sn‐2‐O isomers. Thus, these subgenera were significantly distinct in the rate of incorporation of O and L residues in the sn‐2 position of TAG molecules. Meanwhile, the TAG from the Euonymus section species were marked by an enhanced concentration of H and the incorporation of H in UUU TAG was much more active than in other TAG types. As for positional‐type composition of TAG, saturated FA were always virtually absent in the sn‐2 position of Euonymus aril TAG.     

On abstract resource semantics and computability logic

We show that the uniform validity is equivalent to the non-uniform validity for Blass' semantics of [A. Blass, A game semantics for linear logic, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 56 (1992) 183–220]. We present a shorter proof (than that of [G. Japaridze, The intuitionistic fragment of computability logic at the propositional level, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 147 (3) (2007) 187–227]) of the completeness of the positive fragment of intuitionistic logic for this semantics, computability logic semantics, and the abstract resource semantics.     

Ceramic tiles containing diopside and clay raw materials from Khakassia

A local variety of diopside rock is investigated with a view to using it in ceramic-tile mixtures. Specifics of sintering and phase formation of ceramics are determined for the combination of diopside rock and local clays from Khakassia. A diagram is developed for choosing a tile mixture composition with the required degree of sintering. Properties of various-purpose tiles of optimum compositions are described. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 3, pp. 13–16, March, 2000.