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开展大学生创新能力培养评价方法和评价体系的研究,有助于培养学生的创新意识、创新能力及正确认识它在高等教育中的地位和作用.基于评价原则和指标体系,初步提出评价大学生创新能力的方法.结果显示,评价结果与实际情况符合的较好,该方法具有一定的应用价值. 相似文献
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WC对Ni-Cr3C2激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了WC加入量对镍基碳化铬熔覆层显微组织、横截面微观硬度及熔覆层耐磨性的影响。结果表明,WC的加入使涂层组织中出现了弥散分布的白色相,白色相由白亮色的芯部及浅白色的环形相组成,白色相从熔覆层底部至表面呈先增后减的分布规律。弥散分布的白色相使熔覆层硬度提高,当WC加入量为2wt%时,涂层平均显微硬度约1096 HV,比未加WC的平均硬度(788 HV)高308 HV。WC的加入会增加材料的脆性,影响涂层使用寿命。当WC加入量为2wt%时,熔覆层硬度与脆性增加达到最佳匹配值,对提高材料耐磨性有利。 相似文献
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利用真空电弧熔炼法制备了AlFeCrCoNiMo高熵合金。用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、硬度仪,研究了退火对高熵合金的微观组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:铸态以及退火后的合金是树枝晶结构,枝晶间是由Cr_9Mo_(21)Ni_(20)和NiCoCr金属间化合物组成的共晶结构;随着退火温度的升高,FCC相逐渐减少,并会析出新的金属间化合物;合金的微观应力表现出先增大后减少的变化趋势;合金的硬度随着退火温度的升高先升高再降低,合金的应力与硬度的变化趋势一致,当退火温度达到800℃时,合金的硬度达到最大。 相似文献
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采用非自耗真空电弧熔炼制备了Al_(1.2)FeCrCoNiTi_x(x=0、0.25、0.5、0.75、1)高熵合金。研究了微观组织、相变规律以及Ti含量的变化对该合金微观应力、晶粒大小和硬度变化的影响。结果表明:随着Ti添加量的增大,该合金逐渐表现出典型的树枝晶结构,而且晶间体积逐渐扩大;合金逐渐表现出三相,而且在不断加强;合金微观应力逐渐增大;晶粒尺寸先减小后增大,其中Al_(1.2)FeCrCoNiTi_(0.5)合金最小;硬度先增大后减小,其中Al_(1.2)FeCrCoNiTi_(0.5)合金最大。 相似文献
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借助于Kohler三元溶液模型和Miedema二元溶液生长热模型 ,计算了Ti -1 3Al -2 9Nb -2 .5Mo合金中Ti、Al及Nb组元的活度系数 ,并在此基础上计算了合金中组元的平衡分压及Al元素的挥发损失速率 .结果表明 ,组元的活度系数、平衡分压及Al元素的挥发损失速率均随温度的升高而增大 .存在一个临界外压 (约为 1 3 3Pa) ,当外压大于此值 ,挥发损失速率急剧减小并趋于一稳定值 .这给合金熔炼过程中合金成分控制提供了理论指导 . 相似文献
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多主元高熵合金是一种新型的合金.具有许多优越的性能.通过电弧熔炼法制备了AlFeCuCoNiCrTi1.5高熵合金,并在不同温度下进行退火处理,利用XRD、SEM以及洛氏硬度仪分析了它在不同的退火温度处理后的组织及硬度变化,结果表明随着退火温度的逐渐升高,该合金中的相除了长大其组织结构保持不变,但是其硬度值会越来越高,到了1000℃甚至达到了61.5HRC.另外,利用阳极极化法测试了铸态下AIFeCucoNiCrTi1.5高熵合金在0.5MH2SO4溶液和1MNaCl溶液中的电化学性能,极化曲线表明,在0.5MH2SO4溶液中的,与304不锈钢相比,该合金具有较低的腐蚀速率.在lMNaCl溶液,该合金的腐蚀速率与304不锈钢相当,但是其耐点蚀的能力要优于304不锈钢. 相似文献
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Based on activity calculation model, t he activity coefficients of Ti, Al and Nb components of Ti-25Al-25Nb (mole fraction, %) melt, the vapor pressu res of correspo nding components and the evaporation loss rates were calculated. Utilizing these activity coefficients and the vapor pressures, the relative evaporation coeffic ient is used to judge the evaporation tendency of these components. The evapora tion tendency among the three components were compared and the result shows that the evaporation tendency is that: AlTi>Nb. Evaporation loss rate increases with the increase of melting temperature and decreases with the increase of chamber pressure. There exists an impeding pressure pimpe of Al element evapo ration during induction skull melting process of Ti-25Al-25Nb alloy. The impeding pressu re can be written as pimpe=8.1pe, where perepresents the equilibrium partial pressure. The calculation of evaporation loss of Al element also showed that when chamber pressure exceeds pimpe, the Al volatilization losses could be ignored. In order to prevent the evaporation loss of components, the pressure in the vacuum chamber should not below pimpe. 相似文献
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A new model was established to calculate the real vapor pressure of the AI dement in the molten Ti-xAl (x=25~50, mole fraction, % ) alloy. The effects of the holding time, chamber pressure, mole fraction of AI and melting temperature on the real vapor pressure of AI element in the vacuum chamber were analyzed. Because of the impeding effect of the real vapor pressure on the evaporation loss rate, within a short time (less than 10s), the real vapor pressure tends to a constant value. When the chamber pressure is less than the saturated vapor pressure of the AI component, the real vapor pressure of Al is equal to the chamber pressure. While when the chamber pressure is larger than the saturated vapor pressure, the real vapor pressure is equal to the saturated vapor pressure of the Al element of the same condition. 相似文献