21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会召开

“21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”于2001年3月20日在广西壮族自治区北海市开幕.在为期两天的研讨会上，有来自全国各地的近170位水行业的代表讨论和交流了中外水权和水价问题. 开幕式由主办方代表刘思政主持，广西壮族自治区水利厅副厅长陈中宁首先发表讲话，他代表广西对代表的到来表示欢迎，随后他向代表们介绍了广西的水价以及在水市场方面的情况.他说，此次研讨会的召开对广西水市场工作有指导意义. 参加会议的领导还有：中国水利经济研究会理事长陈美章、水利部经调司领导魏炳才、太湖流域管理局副局长叶寿仁、江苏省水利厅副厅长徐俊仁、湖南省水利厅副厅长皮颂妥、珠江水利经济研究会常务副理事长李志远. “21世纪中国水价、水权与水市场建设研讨会”引起了各新闻媒体的关注，水信息网、中国水利报、水利水电技术杂志、三联生活周刊、中国环境报等都派驻记者进行报道. (摘自“中国水利科技网”2001年3月20日)     

Structural Description of Polyaromatic Nucleus in Residue

The proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （1H-NMR）, the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry （SFS） and the ruthenium ions catalyzed oxidation （RICO） method were used to determine the chemical structure of polyaromatic nucleus in Oman residue fractions. The results of 1H-NMR analyses showed that the average numbers of aromatic rings in the aromatics, resins and asphaltenes units were 3.2, 5.6 and 8.2, respectively. SFS was used to investigate the distribution of aromatic rings in residue fractions, the main distribution range of aromatic rings in aromatics, resins and asphaltenes were 3 4 rings, 3--5 rings and more than 5 rings, respectively. The aromatic network in residue fractions was oxidized to produce numerous carboxylic acids. The types and content of benzenepolycarboxylic acids, such as phthalic acid, benzenetricarboxylic acids, benzenetetracarboxylic acids, benzenepentacarboxylic acid and benzenehexacarboxylic acid disclosed the condensed types of aromatic nuclei in the core. The biphenyl fraction （BIPH）, the cata-condensed fraction （CATA）, the peri-condensed fraction （PERI） and the condensed index （BCI） were calculated based on the benzenepolycarboxylic acids formed. The results implied that there was less biphenyl type structures in all residue fractions. The aromatics fraction was almost composed of the cata-condensed type system, and the asphaltenes fraction was wholly composed of the peri-condensed type system, while in the resins fraction co-existed the two types, herein the peri-con- densed type was predominant over the cata-condensed type. Based on the analytical results obtained in the study, the components --aromatics, resins and asphaltenes -- were given the likely structural models.     

SECANT-FUZZY LINEAR REGRESSION METHOD FOR HARMONIC COMPONENTS ESTIMATION IN A POWER SYSTEM

In order to avoid unnecessary damage of electrical equipments and installations,high quality power should be delivered to the end user and strict control on frequency should be made, Therefore, it is important to estimate the power system's harmonic components with higher accuracy. This paper presents a new approach for estimating harmonic component in a power system using secant - fuzzy linear regression method. In this approach the non - sinusoidal voltage or current waveform is written as I linear function. The coefficient of this function is assumed to be fuzzy number with a membership function that has center and spread value. The time dependent quantity is written as Taylor series with two different time dependent quantities. The objective is to use the sample obtained from the transmission line to find the power system harmonic components and frequencies. We used an experimental voltage signal from a sub power station as a numerical test.     

再论循环经济——水泥工业与循环经济

本文分析了水泥工业循环经济、系统化技术、自动化技术，并加深对循环经济的认识。     

走向工程应用的FF总线技术

6月15日，由现场总线基金会组织主要针对设计人员的大型FF技术讲座在北京五洲皇冠假日酒店隆重举行，参会者超过200人，来自北京及周边地区的设计和使用单位均参与交流研讨。会议由FF执行主席、总裁Mr．Rich Timoney致词，并讲解了FF总线最新应用及发展：艾默生公司欧阳汝新讲解基金会现场总线的10个最易误解的问题：NI公司郭文哲讲解基金会现场总线的优势及其经济性分析：图尔克公司张春华讲解现场总线的物理层设计：E＋H公司窦连旺讲解现场总线的目标模件——功能块及其组态：ABB公司曾士巍讲解高速以太网、柔性功能块、上位机互操作性、EDDL等。     

Establishing a System for Food Recalls to Protect Food Quality and Safety in China

There are no explicit laws concerning food recalls in China; moreover, some related regulations have weaknesses. China should first create a system of laws and regulations governing food recalls, establish a system to recall defective food, and strengthen administrative and legal remedial mechanisms related to consumer rights.     

从MICONEX 2006看工业自动化系统的现状与发展

一 DCS系统 DCS系统已经进入第四代，当然这并不排除正在使用或作为当家产品展出的第三代DCS已进入第四代DCS阵容，因为第四代产品的特征并不是什么硬指标。一般来说，第四代DCS有如下几个特征：     

漫步中关村电子一条街—自动化一条街

在过去的1996年，从事工业自动化的我，有幸两次各数日去中关村电子一条街，一是为唐钢制氧项目而参加阿塞克（ASEC）公司的关于AB公司PLC可编程序控制器的技术交流，一是为开发新产品而参加Echelon公司的LONWORK技术的培训。前者是在中关村电子一条街向南延伸的白石桥路的南端，后者是在60年代就已建成的友谊宾馆（中段）；由于同样的原因又去清华紫光公司数次（北端）（注：上地信息产业基地为最北端）；再加上常去“自动化博览”杂志社的所在地——中关村核心地带，所以这么一走，可以说得上是漫步了。当然，对那里情况的了解及对…     

Synthesis of the Silver Nanofluid by ASNSS Process

Arc Spray Nanoparticle Synthesis System (ASNSS) has been used to prepare the silver nanofluids in this study. The metal electrodes under the electrical discharge will melt and evaporate rapidly and condense to form the nanoparticles in the dielectric fluid at lower temperature and produce the suspended nanoparticle fluid. Thus, the mechanism of the ASNSS process is superheating the electrodes by plasma to form metallic nuclei and supercooling these nuclei by dielectric liquid to produce nanofluid. This study considers the different controlling parameters such as discharge current,discharge voltage, pulse-duration time, electrode diameter, and the temperature of dielectric liquid. The optimally operated parameters can be obtained to produce the finer particle size in nanofluid. The results indicate the silver electrodes in alcohol fluid will produce the spherical nanosilver particles. The mean particle size of silver in different dielectric liquid temperatures of-40, -20, 0, and 10℃ is about13.4, 15.8, 17.5, and 21.6 nm, respectively. This indicates that the well suspended fluid can be obtained by controlling the lower dielectric fluid temperature.     

悼念钱学森,学习自动控制理论

世界著名科学家冯·卡门称钱学森是＂无可争议的天才＂。钱学森却说：＂我不是天才。＂控制论曾被哲学界攻击为＂反动的伪科学＂。可钱学森没有被质疑吓倒,而是出版了世界上第一部系统讲述工程控制论的专著,开创了工程控制论这门新兴学科。创新是科学的灵魂,是科学家最珍贵的品质。只有想别人没想过的东西、说别人没说过的话、做别人没做过的事,才能创造出前人没有创造的业绩!这才是钱老留给后世最为宝贵的财富!自去年10月31日以来,本刊编辑部收到自动化界不少读者来信,大家纷纷表达对钱学森先生的追念和不尽哀思,缅怀钱老对自动化行业的贡献,现选取卞正岗先生撰写的悼念钱老的一文,以飨读者。