欧洲污泥干化焚烧处理技术的应用与发展趋势

介绍了德国、意大利、奥地利、比利时及荷兰欧洲五国共八个代表性的污泥处理处置厂的工艺要点及运行状况 ,分析论述了欧洲污泥处理处置方式的发展趋势。结合我国国情特点及个人工程经验 ,对污泥干化焚烧技术在我国的应用从技术路线发展、工艺选择、规划、建设等方面进行了具体的探讨。     

RTU操作系统实时性能分析

本文介绍了RTU操作系统的实时扩充和改造,包括实时优先级调度、内存锁定、异步系统陷入、连续文件、核心抢占以及多处理机编程。说明了进程调度策略对系统实时性能的影响,分析了核心抢占对于提高系统实时性能的重要性。     

基于颗粒流的花岗岩微观破坏机制研究

为研究岩石在单轴压缩条件下的微观破坏机制,利用岩石力学试验机进行花岗岩岩样的室内试验,采用颗粒流分析程序编程建立可靠的数值模型,通过分析试件压缩破坏过程的裂纹演化规律、裂纹数特征和能量耗散规律,讨论其微观破坏机制。结果表明,花岗岩岩样内部拉裂纹分布与宏观破坏面较为吻合,在裂隙发展中起着关键作用;峰值强度前,剪裂纹较拉裂纹发育显著,峰值强度后,拉裂纹数剧烈增加,造成岩样承载力的降低;岩样最终失效形式为沿对角形成宏观剪切面破坏,并有少量张拉襞裂破坏。     

铸态及快淬态无钴AB5型贮氢合金的循环稳定性

对AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)49(x=0,0.45,0.75,1.00,摩尔分数)贮氢合金进行了快淬处理,研究了La含量及快淬工艺对合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明:La含量的增加对铸态合金的循环稳定性没有明显影响,但使快淬态合金的循环稳定性下降,且快淬处理能显著提高合金的循环稳定性.当La替代量从0增加到1.00时,经300次充放循环后,铸态合金的容量保持率(Rh)从59.2%增加到59.8%;16 m/s淬速快淬态合金的容量保持率从83.9%下降到65.0%.对于x=0.45的合金,当淬速从0(铸态被定义为淬速等于0)增加到28 m/s时,容量保持率从59.8%增加到75.8%.     

快淬工艺对无钴AB5型贮氢合金循环稳定性的影响

研究了快淬工艺对无钴AB5型LaxMm1-x(NiMnSiAlFe)4.9(x=0,0.45,0.75,1.0)合金微观结构及电化学循环稳定性的影响.结果表明快淬处理显著改善合金的成分均匀性,使晶粒细化,并显著提高合金的循环稳定性.当淬速从0m/s增加到28 m/s时,经300次充放循环后,x=0.45合金的容量衰减率D从0.28 mAh/g·c-1(c代表一次循环)下降到0.13mAh/g·c-1;x=1.0合金的容量衰减率D从0.3mAh/g·c-1下降到0.14mAh/g·c-1.     

Fe替代Co对AB5型贮氢合金循环稳定性的影响

用铸造及快淬的方法制备了稀土基AB5型Mm（NiMnSiAl）4．3Co0.6-xFex（x=0，0．1，0．2，0．3，0．4，0．5，0．6）贮氢合金，用XRD。TEM及SEM观测了铸态及快淬态的微观结构，测试了合金在铸态及快淬态下的电化学循环稳定性。研究了Fe替代Co对铸态及快淬态贮氢合金微观结构及循环稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，Fe替代Co对铸态及快淬态合金的相结构没有明显影响，但对合金的循环稳定性产生显著影响。Fe替代Co能不同程度地改善铸态及快淬态合金的循环稳定性，但对快淬态合金循环寿命的改善更加显著，导致这一结果的主要原因是Fe替代Co使快淬态合金的微观组织显著细化。     

硼对低钴AB5型贮氢合金循环寿命的影响

为了提高低钴AB5型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性，在低钴AB5型贮氢合金中加入微量的硼，用真空快淬工艺制备了稀土系低钴AB5型MmNi3.8Co0.4Mn0.6Al0.2Bx(x=0，0．1，0．2，0．3，0．4)贮氢合金，分析测试了铸态及快淬态合金的电化学性能及微观结构，研究了硼对铸态及快淬态合金微观结构及循环寿命的影响。结果表明，硼能大幅度提高铸态及快淬态低钴AB5型贮氢合金的电化学循环稳定性，但其作用机理是完全不同的。     

微型企业成本管理存在的问题和对策

微型企业在经济发展过程中,具有一个特殊的地位。作为一个特殊的群体,微型企业没有健全的管理机制和机构设置,企业规模很小,单个企业从事的人数很少,但其发展的速度和对经济的拉动作用不容小视。因为其规模等方面的问题,在经营微型企业时,其成本管理就显得非常关键,在成本管理的过程中也面临着许多突出问题。文本结合微型企业的特点,分析成本管理过程中的问题,并提出相应的解决措施。     

Numerical Study on Neck Injury Under Different Postures in Vehicle Side Impact

Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic accidents. While most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts, few are conducted in side impact. This study focuses on the difference of neck injury under different postures and the difference of 7 cervical vertebras under the same posture using the method of prescribed structure motion(PSM). The analytical results show that the maximum changes of mean force and mean moment of 7 cervical vertebras under 8 different postures are 20% and 47% respectively. The variation of each cervical vertebra is different under different neck postures. Up cervical vertebras (C1-C4) and low cervical vertebras (C5-C7) suffer different forces and moments under the same neck posture. Generally speaking, No.6 (neck right leaning 40°) is the posture with lowest neck injury risk.     

An investigation on electrochemical performances of as-cast and annealed La0.8Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six（x = 0-0.2） alloy electrodes for Ni/MH battery application

The La-Mg-Ni-based A2B7-type La0.5Mg0.2Ni3.3Co0.2Six （x=0-0.2） electrode alloys were prepared by casting and annealing. The influences of the additional silicon and the annealing treatment on the structure and electrochemical performances of the alloys were investigated systemically. Both of the analyses of XRD and SEM reveal that the as-cast and annealed alloys are of a multiphase structure, involving two main phases （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as one minor phase LaNi3. The addition of Si and annealing treatment bring on an evident change in the phase abundances and cell parameters of （La, Mg）2Ni7 and LaNi5 phase for the alloy without altering its phase structure. The phase abundances decrease from 74.3% （x=0） to 57.8% （x=0.2） for the （La, Mg）2Ni7 phase, and those of LaNi5 phase increase from 20.2% （x~0） to 37.3% （x=0.2）. As for the electrochemical measurements, adding Si and performing annealing treatment have engendered obvious impacts. The cycle stability of the alloys is improved dramatically, being enhanced from 80.3% to 93.7% for the as-annealed （950 ℃） alloys with Si content increasing from 0 to 0.2. However, the discharge capacity is reduced by adding Si, from 399.4 to 345.3 mA.h/g as the Si content increases from 0 to 0.2. Furthermore, such addition makes the electrochemical kinetic properties of the alloy electrodes first increase and then decrease. Also, it is found that the overall electrochemical properties of the alloys first augment and then fall with the annealing temperature rising.