Should industrial/organizational psychologists be licensed?

A historical review of licensing among industrial/organizational (I/O) psychologists demonstrates that the American Psychological Association (APA) policy on such licensing is inconsistent. Arguments for and against licensure for this group are presented. Job analysis and APA data are drawn upon to show that few I/O activities may pose the personal risk that would seem to require the protection of a license. Alternatives are discussed for changes in present APA policy and state licensing requirements. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A simple handling technique for mammalian oocytes and embryos during preparation for transmission electron microscopy

Due to their small size, mammalian oocytes and embryos pose unique problems during preparation for transmission electron microscopy. This paper outlines a method which combines protein embedding with centrifugation to locate the specimens on the face of a Beem capsule mould. This method facilitates both the processing of oocytes with minimal loss and rapid location of the specimens within the block for simultaneous sectioning, staining and examination.     

Denial in the aftermath of traumatic head injury: Its manifestations, measurement, and treatment.

Reviews available research on the meaning and measurement of denial and strategies for treating maladaptive denial, with special reference to its occurrence in traumatic head injuries. Questionnaire or interview measures, rather than behavioral indices, are used to assess denial. Denial may be manifested with respect to past, present, or future status; and it may have both positive and negative consequences for coping, motivation, and rehabilitation. Where denial limits a patient's functioning or recovery, several treatment strategies are possible. Intervention should involve a balance between supportive and confrontational elements, with a focus on behaviors rather than verbalizations. Computer feedback, videotaping, focused group therapy, and supervised activities are possible interventions for confronting maladaptive forms of denial. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

10GbE成为主流

数年来，具有10Gbps速度的下一代以太网一直处于即将成为主流的状况。一段时间以来，网络的某些区域已在使用光学技术，并且随着流量的增加，对10GbE数据速率的需求正在增长。但是，需要一种比上一代以太网复杂许多的技术，用于在100m长的铜缆上运行10GbE。这一要求导致了昂贵的MAC（媒体访问控制器）和交换芯片，以及昂贵而又不方便的PHY层接口芯片，由此限制了快速LAN用于那些覆盖数据中心内较短距离的高性能应用。     

Inflammation and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis. Pathogenetic viewpoints and therapeutic possibilities

BACKGROUND: Systemic osteoporosis is a common and pathogenetically heterogenous complication in rheumatoid arthritis. Various factors such as disease activity, dosage and duration of glucocorticoid treatment and immobilization are involved in pathogenesis of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. INFLAMMATION AND BONE METABOLISM: Proinflammatory cytokines secreted by immunocompetent cells have a role in the regulation of the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The effects of these proinflammatory cytokines include the inhibition of bone formation and an increase in bone resorption. Interleukin-6 and nitric oxide induced in osteoblasts by proinflammatory cytokines are likely to be important mediators between these cytokines and the function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Furthermore, disease activity dependent changes in the secretion of glucocorticoids and in vitamin D metabolism may be involved in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in this disease. Alteration of bone remodeling associated with immobilization is an important factor of systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory process in rheumatoid arthritis may cause penarticular and systemic bone loss by various cytokine and hormone mediated mechanisms. Concluding from these pathogenetic mechanisms, bisphosphonates and active vitamin D metabolites are likely to be effective therapeutic options in osteoporosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis.     

Has risk associated with smoking increased? Results from the Copenhagen Center for Prospective Population Studies

BACKGROUND: Two recent much cited publications have raised the concern that risk associated with cigarette smoking has so far been underestimated. In this study we wish to determine whether excess all-cause mortality associated with smoking has increased during the last 20-30 years in a study population representative of the general Danish population and whether any such changes relate to changes in smoking behaviour. METHODS: Pooled data from three prospective population studies conducted in Copenhagen with detailed information on smoking habits. A total of 31,194 subjects, 17,669 males and 13,525 females, initially examined between 1964 and 1992 with examinations repeated at intervals from 1-10 years, were followed until 1995 for all-cause mortality. Relative mortality risk in smokers versus never-smokers was calculated within periods of five calendar years and compared throughout the study period. RESULTS: Male smokers' exposure did not change during the study period whereas female smokers' exposure to tobacco increased in terms of age at smoking onset, quantity smoked and depth of inhalation. During follow-up 5744 males and 2900 females died. In males, death rate ratios (comparing continuous smokers with never-smokers) did not change in the study period. In females, ratios increased from 1964-1978 to 1979-1994 by a factor of 1.3 (95% confidence interval 1.0-1.8). CONCLUSIONS: In agreement with the observed changes in smoking habits, excess mortality in male smokers did not increase whereas excess mortality in female smokers increased slightly.     

EU-Weißbuch Erneuerbare Energien und die Ergebnisse von Kyoto

The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nationsl Framework Convention on Climate Change gives a target for the reduction of greenhouse gases in the EU and most associated states of 8% from 1990 levels to 2010. The European Commissions Whitebook on Renewable Energy is setting a target of doubling the share of Renewable Energy from 6% now to 12% in 2010 for the European Union. There is no contradiction between these targets.