丢手可取隔水采油管柱技术的研制与应用

针对克拉玛依油田由Y211封隔器和Y111封隔器组成的隔水采油管柱不能丢手和双级Y453可钻封隔器组成的隔水采油管柱施工复杂、风险大的问题，研制了一种新型的丢手可取隔水采油管柱，该项技术已在彩南油田和百口泉采油厂应用20多井次，并取得了很好的隔水增油效果。     

Highly efficient interconnection for use with a multistage optical switching network with orthogonally polarized data and address information

A novel optical interconnection is introduced for a multistage optical switching network that uses orthogonally polarized data and address information. The network is unique in that the data information is never regenerated and remains in optical form throughout (i.e., it is never converted into electrical information). This has two main consequences: (1) the bandwidth of the data is not restricted by electrical circuit considerations, and (2) the optical interconnections from one stage of the network to the next must be highly efficient. The interconnection meets several goals: high efficiency, preservation of cross polarization of data and address, low cross talk between polarizations, good manufacturability, resistance to misalignment caused by thermal expansion, and absence of significant aberrations. In addition, sychronization of the signals is maintained, as the optical path lengths for all routes through the system are equal.     

Spectrometer slit-power-coupling calculations for natural and laser guide-star adaptive optics

We use numerical calculations to examine the relation between adaptive optics (AO) turbulence compensation and power coupled through a spectrometer slit for both laser and natural guide-star AO systems. The AO system and observing parameters used are relevant to the Gemini-North 8-m telescope. For this study, we separate residual tilt from residual higher-order aberrations to isolate their relative effects under a variety of operating conditions. Our results demonstrate that slit-coupled intensity is not uniquely determined by system Strehl alone; we show that this is due to the differing effects of higher-order and tilt aberrations on the shape of the compensated point-spread function. For the Gemini spectrometer and AO system, the wider point-spread function halo associated with an added residual higher-order aberration reduces slit-coupled intensity more rapidly than a broad point-spread function core induced by residual tilt.     

Embossable grating couplers for planar waveguide optical sensors

Planar optical waveguides are an attractive tool for use in analytical chemistry and spectroscopy. Although similar to fiber optics, planar waveguides have been slow to be commercially accepted due to the difficulty of coupling light into the guide. Generally, prism coupling is the method of choice in the laboratory, as efficiencies approaching 80% can be reached. However, prisms are impractical for routine use for several reasons: expensive positioning equipment is required, coupled power is sensitive to environmental fluctuations, and prism coupling prohibits the fabrication of a truly planar device. The use of thin gratings on the surface of the waveguide allows for a two-dimensional structure to be maintained, while providing enough efficiency to be useful as a sensor. Our research efforts focus on developing a technique to make inexpensive, reproducible gratings that are easy to fabricate. By chemically modifying the surface of a commercial grating with a suitable release agent, it is possible to emboss replica gratings onto a variety of waveguide types. The fabrication of embossed gratings will be described, and their performance on glass, ion-diffused, polymer, and semiconductor waveguides will be presented.     

Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry for the confirmation of sarafloxacin in catfish tissue

A specific chromatographic LC/MS/MS assay is described for the confirmatory identification of residues of sarafloxacin, an arylfluoroquinolone antibacterial agent, in catfish tissue. This confirmatory method takes advantage of the specificity provided by sample preparation, liquid chromatography, and tandem mass spectrometry. This kind of multidimensional analysis is commonly used in environmental, pharmacokinetic, residue, and other studies. However, we demonstrate the addition of a previously unreported criterion, the use of ion ratio ranges from the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiment as an aid in confirmation. Using the described method, we were able to achieve MS/MS product ion ratios with <7% variation during 1 day of analysis for over 25 injections. We believe the addition of this criterion will increase the scientific certainty of the confirmatory method.     

Desired concentration-dependent ion exchange for micro-optic lenses

The required concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients for both ideal one-dimensional and ideal radial gradient-index profiles are determined. The modified quasi-chemical diffusion model is used to relate the diffusion coefficient to optimum glass composition. Adding aluminum to sodium silicate glasses facilitates the approach to the desired concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient for silver-sodium ion exchange. A parabolic one-dimensional index profile is fabricated in one of the glasses. It deviates from ideal values by less than 2%.     

Robotic control in knee joint replacement surgery

A brief history of robotic systems in knee arthroplasty is provided. The place of autonomous robots is then discussed and compared to more recent 'hands-on' robotic systems that can be more cost effective. The case is made for robotic systems to have a clear justification, with improved benefits compared to those from cheaper navigation systems. A number of more recent, smaller, robot systems for knee arthroplasty are also described. A specific example is given of an active constraint medical robot, the ACROBOT system, used in a prospective randomized controlled trial of unicondylar robotic knee arthroplasty in which the robot was compared to conventional surgery. The results of the trial are presented together with a discussion of the need for measures of accuracy to be introduced so that the efficacy of the robotic surgery can be immediately identified, rather than have to wait for a number of years before long-term clinical improvements can be demonstrated.