The Stress-Strain Behaviour of Axially-Loaded Butt Joints

The effects of the stress distribution in the adhesive layer of axially loaded butt joints have been examined theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown that the measured stress-strain behaviour of a butt joint is dependent on the triaxial stress state induced in the adhesive by the restraint of the adherends. This causes a butt joint to yield at a stress which is greater than the uniaxial yield stress of the adhesive. Conversely, the presence of stress concentrations can cause a butt joint to fail at a lower tensile stress than the failure stress of a bulk specimen tested in uniaxial tension. Therefore, the relationship between the strength of a butt joint and that of a bulk specimen of the same adhesive depends on the ductility of the adhesive. Furthermore, if the adhesive obeys a pressure-dependent yield criterion, the compressive yield stress of a butt joint can be much greater than the tensile yield stress of a similar joint and, under some circumstances, compressive yielding of a butt joint may be suppressed completely.     

Achieving breakout innovation [innovation management]

Breakout innovation is about delivering major new products or services, addressing completely new market segments or developing new value chains. Although innovation is an important contributor to revenue and profit, very few companies have all the elements in place to sustain breakout innovation over a long period. The framework described here will greatly improved the chances of success. The basic elements such as market insights, a clear strategy, access to competitive technologies, a supportive infrastructure and effective project management must be in place. However, these alone are not enough. Sustained breakout innovation will not be achieved without inspired leadership and creative teams, operating within an innovative culture and supported breakout processes.     

Manage risk in product and process development and avoid unpleasantsurprises

There are many examples reported in the media of major engineering and development projects running late or exceeding their budget. Sometimes, the consequences have been so serious that they have threatened the future of the companies involved. Highly visible, high-profile projects do not, however, have a monopoly on failure. For every major project which hits the headlines, there are thousands of others which fail in less spectacular ways. The author describes PA Consulting Group's three step process for a structured approach to project development. These are: identify the risks, assess the likelihood and the impact of potential risks, and develop risk management plans