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ABSTRACT The mixture of citrus fruits (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, and lemon) wastes was utilized to obtain high surface area activated carbon (AC) by H3PO4 activation. The production conditions were optimized and the optimum conditions were determined. The optimal-activated carbon (CFWAC) was characterized by various physicochemical techniques. CFWAC was also used as a sorbent for Pb (II) ions from water. Batch experiments were performed to explore the adsorption capacity and mechanism. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed good fitness to the experimental data. The maximum Pb (II) adsorption capacity of CFWAC was found to be 163.93 mg/g. 相似文献
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Ozlem Karahan Ozgun Bertan Basak Ceren Eropak Seda Abat Gamze Kirim Emine Girgin Asude Hanedar Elcin Gunes Ercan Citil Erdem Görgün Cigdem Yangin Gomec Fatos Germirli Babuna Suleyman Ovez Aysegul Tanik Izzet Ozturk Cumali Kinaci Yakup Karaaslan Sibel Mine Gucver Esra Siltu Aybala Koc Orhon 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2017,19(1):105-122
Monitoring and control of dangerous substances discharged into receiving waters have attracted more attention lately. Since it is not possible to analyze every single substance, a prioritization methodology is needed for the selection of those to be monitored. Existing well-developed models require significant amount of data for reliable outcomes. This paper presents a methodology to prioritize the dangerous substances having adverse effects on freshwaters in Turkey, where data are scarce. Such a methodology will also serve as a solid model for other countries with limited background data. The adopted methodology enabled the elimination of chemicals to generate a candidate list composed of 608 substances among more than 5000 substances. Further screening and prioritization were conducted using different assessment methods (i.e., Total Hazard Value, Total Impact Value, Combined Monitoring-based, and Modelling-based Priority Setting) to obtain a proposed Final Candidate Specific Pollutants List of 150 dangerous substances. The proposed Candidate National Pollutant List of Turkey was established by combining 45 priority pollutants of the European Union with a list of candidate specific pollutants. According to the outcomes of this study, monitoring and controlling of 195 dangerous substances in freshwaters are recommended. Further detailed studies should be conducted in order to observe the actual levels of these dangerous substances in freshwaters followed by a review of the monitoring list accordingly. Moreover, further revisions might be required in the proposed list due to some possible versatile conditions in terms of sampling points (i.e., change in the location of industries). 相似文献
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Borte Kose Hale Ozgun Mustafa Evren Ersahin Nadir Dizge Derya Y. Koseoglu-Imer Burcu Atay Recep Kaya Mahmut Altınbas Sema Sayılı Pelin Hoshan Doga Atay Esra Eren Cumali Kinaci Ismail Koyuncu 《Desalination》2012
Produced water, which is co-produced during oil and gas manufacturing, represents one of the largest sources of oily wastewaters. Therefore, treatment of this produced water may improve the economic viability and lead to a new source of water for beneficial use. In this study a submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been studied experimentally for the treatment of brackish oil and natural gas field produced water. This type of wastewater is also characterized with relatively moderate to high amount of salt, oil and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). However, the bacteria which are growing in conventional activated sludge and MBR cannot survive at these strict conditions, therefore acclimation of the bacteria is of vital importance. The performance of the biological system, membrane permeability, the rate and extent of TPH biodegradability have been investigated under different sludge age and F/M ratios. The results obtained by gas chromatography analyses showed that the MBR system could be very effective in the removal of TPH from produced water and a significant improvement in the effluent quality was achieved. 相似文献
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We have developed a zero‐shear viscous model in terms of temperature‐ and pressure‐dependent hole fraction computed from Simha‐Somcynsky Hole Theory. This model successfully interprets the viscosity data of PS, PP, and ABS as a function of hole fraction for a broad range of temperature and pressure. We have also introduced and discussed a new term: Viscoholibility; the derivative of logarithm of viscosity with respect to hole fraction. When the hole fraction takes highest available value, the viscoholibility approaches asymptotically to a constant value by which the viscosity changes linearly with the hole fraction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010 相似文献
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An expression for representing the microbial activity of biomass in the submerged membrane bioreactor treatingwhey was developed by considering the ratio of inert chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the effluent to that in the influent (C5/C0) and the ratio of volatile suspended solids to the suspended solids (MLVSS/MLSS). Subsequently, two expressions for the effects of above parameters on the specific oxygen uptake rate were statistically determined using a mathematical model developed by the regression analysis technique, including either the power function or the exponential growth models. 相似文献
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Comparison of experimental and theoretical residual stresses in welds: The issue of gauge volume 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John W.H. Price Anna Ziara-Paradowska Suraj Joshi Trevor Finlayson Cumali Semetay Herman Nied 《International Journal of Mechanical Sciences》2008,50(3):513-521
Welding residual stresses have an effect on many aspects of the integrity of structures but are normally one of the largest unknown stresses. Residual stresses are difficult to measure and to estimate theoretically but are often significant when compared with the service stresses on which they superimpose. High tensile residual stresses can lead to loss of performance in corrosion, fatigue and fracture.In this research, measurement of residual stresses by the neutron diffraction technique is compared to an analysis of a sample geometry by theoretical finite-element procedures. The results indicate good qualitative agreement. One of the key issues in this comparison relates to what is termed “gauge volume” in the measurement technologies and what might be described as a “calculation volume” in theoretical approaches. 相似文献
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Cumali ?lkiliç 《Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews》2012,16(2):1165-1173
In this study, the potential of wind energy and assessment of wind energy systems in Turkey were studied. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the wind energy potential and future wind conversion systems project in Turkey. The wind energy potential of various regions was investigated; and the exploitation of the wind energy in Turkey was discussed. Various regions were analyzed taking into account the wind data measured as hourly time series in the windy locations. The wind data used in this study were taken from Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EIEI) for the year 2010. This paper reviews the assessment of wind energy in Turkey as of the end of May 2010 including wind energy applications. Turkey's total theoretically available potential for wind power is around 131,756.40 MW and sea wind power 17,393.20 MW annually, according to TUREB (TWEA). When Turkey has 1.5 MW nominal installed wind energy capacity in 1998, then this capacity has increased to 1522.20 MW in 2010. Wind power plant with a total capacity of 1522.20 MW will be commissioned 2166.65 MW in December 2011. 相似文献