CHANGES OF SUGAR PROFILES IN CANNED CLINGSTONE PEACHES

The effect of post-canning storage on sugar profiles in canned clingstone peaches (Primus persica var. ‘Halford’) sweetened with various combinations of sucrose, 62 D. E. corn syrup and 42% high fructose corn syrup was investigated. The sugars in the peach syrups were monitored at 1, 20 and 30° C after storage for 0, 6, 9 and 12 months. The individual sugars in the peach syrups were separated and analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Storage of the canned peaches at 30° C resulted in a rapid decrease in sucrose and a simultaneous increase in fructose and glucose. The hydrolysis of sucrose was successively slower at 20 and 1°C. It was observed that the sugar profiles were also dependent on the initial concentration of the sugar components, time of storage and acidity of the canned peaches. The concentration of maltose showed great fluctuation during storage. The rapid loss in quality acceptance of canned clingstone peaches at high storage temperature was explained by the changes in sugar profiles and the accompanying undesirable chemical and physical changes.     

Calcium Alginate Films: Thermal Properties and Permeability to Sorbate and Ascorbate

Calcium alginate films were prepared by the pH-controlled release of calcium ions into alginate solution or by the cooling of hot calcium alginate gels. Thermogravimetry and calorimetry showed that the controlled Ca release films contained a greater amount of high-temperature component, and required extra energy to dissociate the tightly crosslinked calcium alginate. Structural differences were reflected by the permeability of the two films to potassium sorbate: 1.06 × 10^–7 (controlled Ca release) and 1.58 × 10^–7 cm²sec^–1 (cooled). Apparent activation energy was estimated to be for the diffusion of potassium sorbate 24.1 KJ·mol^–1, sodium ascorbate 23.7, and ascorbic acid 36.2. Results suggested that the pH of the diffusant solution had an interactive effect on the alginate film.     

DISCRIMINATED LEARNING AND REVERSAL IN THE WHEEL-TURN AVOIDANCE SITUATION.

2 STIMULI, ONLY 1 OF WHICH WAS PAIRED WITH SHOCK, WERE USED IN 2 EXPERIMENTS INVESTIGATING STIMULUS DISCRIMINATION AND REVERSAL EFFECTS IN AVOIDANCE LEARNING. THE FINDINGS INCLUDED: (1) NO DIFFERENCES IN LEARNING ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE STIMULUS (BUZZER OR TONE) THAT WAS PAIRED WITH SHOCK, (2) DISCRIMINATED RESPONDING SUCH THAT THERE WAS CONTINUED RESPONDING TO THE SHOCK-PAIRED STIMULUS AND REDUCED RESPONDING TO THE UNPAIRED STIMULUS, AND (3) DISCRIMINATED RESPONDING AFTER PAIRED AND UNPAIRED STIMULI REVERSALS BUT WITH GRADUALLY DETERIORATING DISCRIMINATION WITH SUCCESSIVE REVERSALS. (FRENCH SUMMARY) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A Practical Use for Dyeing Theory

A thermodynamic theory of dyeing is applied in practice to predict the necessary dyebath conditions to attain a target colour, and to predict the conditions for the redyeing of a thread lot where the target shade is not attained. 180 Vat recipes were predicted on a laboratory scale and 40 recipes on a bulk scale. All the dyeings were produced from tertiary mixtures of dyes and covered a wide gamut of colour space. The results indicate that general thermodynamic theories of dyeing can be used in a practical way to improve the performance of a dyeworks.     

A Practical Use for Dyeing Theory

The general thermodynamic schemes for predicting the amount of dye on the fibre which have been used by other workers are outlined. A new approach is then developed for the complex system of vat dyes on cotton, and the affinities of 14 vat dyes are calculated. The theory is extended to mixtures, and the variables of temperature, amount of salt added, amount of dye added, and amount of reducing agent added required to give a known colour are predicted from the theory. Cotton thread was dyed under different predicted conditions and the resultant matched dyeings are good evidence of the validity of the theory. In addition, the effects of the main dyeing variables on the resultant colour are predicted from the theory.     

硬加工对机床的要求

冲压模具不仅要制作新零件,磨损后也可以另一种形式翻新使用。这是非常经济的,但对金切机床提出了特殊要求。     

(S)RAAM: An Analytical Technique for Fast and Reliable Derivation of Connectionist Symbol Structure Representations

Recursive auto-associative memory (RAAM) has become established in the connectionist literature as a key contribution in the strive to develop connectionist representations of symbol structures. However, RAAMs use the backpropagation algorithm and therefore can be difficult to train and slow to learn. In addition, it is often hard to analyze exactly what a network has learnt and, therefore, it is difficult to state what composition mechanism is used by a RAAM for constructing representations. In this paper, we present an analytical version of RAAM, denoted as simplified RAAM or (S)RAAM. (S)RAAM models a RAAM very closely in that a single constructor matrix is derived which can be applied recursively to construct connectionist representations of symbol structures. The derivation, like RAAM, exhibits a moving target effect because training patterns adjust during learning but, unlike RAAM, the training is very fast. The analytical model allows a clear statement to be made about generalization characteristics and it can be shown that, in practice, the model will converge.