Tank模型及其在边坡水位预测中的应用

 Tank模型可以模拟非线性的降雨–地下水运移过程,并且能迅速得到解答。基于现有的单列tank模型,提出新的复合水箱模型。由于新模型参数超过20个,应用传统优化算法难以快速找到最优解,一种新的启发式自搜索算法(变维数搜索算法)被引入并改进后用于模型最优解的寻找。变维数搜索算法能够根据搜索进程的变化自动改变搜索维数并且快速找到最优解。27个参数的复合tank模型被应用于日本国道九号线的一个边坡,计算结果表明：变维数搜索算法能够在10 min左右找到合适的最优解;降雨过程复合tank模型计算的地下水位变化和观测值非常接近。最后通过和有限单元法计算结果的比较表明,有限单元法的计算结果受地质渗透特性的影响很大,而复合tank模型不存在这种问题。工程实例计算表明,该方法和监测结果比较一致,但其适应性更强,特别适用于没有进行足够地质结构探查的边坡。它能够快速反映降雨过程中地下水位的运移过程,可以推广使用。     

Phase-Field simulation of phase decomposition in Fe−Cr−Co alloy under an external magnetic field

Phase decomposition during isothermal aging of a Fe−Cr−Co ternary alloy under an external magnetic field is simulated based on the phase-field method. In this simulation, since the Gibbs energy available from the thermodynamic CALPHAD database of the equilibrium phase diagram is employed as a chemical free energy, the present calculation provides the quantitative microstructure changes directly linked to the phase diagram. The simulated microstructure evolution demonstrates that the lamella like microstructure elongated along the external magnetic field is evolved with the progress of aging. The morphological and temporal developments of the simulated microstructures are in good agreement with experimental results that have been obtained for this alloy system.     

Development of High‐Power Density Interleaved dc/dc Converter with SiC Devices

We developed an interleaved dc/dc converter with SiC devices. We applied full‐SiC modules including MOSFETs and SBDs to the interleaved dc/dc converter to achieve a high‐power density. An SiC has a high temperature resistance, which facilitates an improvement in high‐frequency drives. We achieved a high‐power density by utilizing this high temperature resistance. We also fabricated a prototype and tested it with loads up to 65 kW.     

Computer simulation of A2/B2 second-order phase transition based upon the Khachaturyan diffusion equation

A computer simulation, based on the Khachaturyan diffusion equation, is presented to develop the kinetics of the morphological evolution of the A2/B2 second-order phase transition in a binary solid solution. The evolution of the occupation probability, as a function of composition, shows a good similarity to the actual micrographs experimentally obtained based on the macroscopic composition gradient method. These results are used in parallel with the results of the evolution of the long-range order parameter as a function of the ageing time, to verify a new concept of the ordering behaviour inside the ordered phase. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于氢微缩技术拉伸变形Al一9％Mg合金的晶界氢析出

近年来,诸如全球变暖、化石燃料枯竭等环境问题日趋严重。发展使用氢作为清洁能源的燃料电池汽车,受到了汽车制造商的广泛重视。铝合金已经应用到燃料汽车的高压氢气槽的衬垫材料中。然而,氢在铝合金中的反应仍然没有得到清楚的阐明。因此,有必要分析氢在铝合金中的反应。氢缩影技术（HMPT）一直被视为一种探讨铝合金中氢行为的有效措施。目前,在室温下采用HMPT技术研究了拉伸变形Al—9％Mg合金内部氢析出的过程,发现氢在一些晶界处析出。     

Image contrast enhancement of Ni/YSZ anode during the slice‐and‐view process in FIB‐SEM

Focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM) is a widely used and easily operational equipment for three‐dimensional reconstruction with flexible analysis volume. It has been using successfully and increasingly in the field of solid oxide fuel cell. However, the phase contrast of the SEM images is indistinct in many cases, which will bring difficulties to the image processing. Herein, the phase contrast of a conventional Ni/yttria stabilized zirconia anode is tuned in an FIB‐SEM with In‐Lens secondary electron (SE) and backscattered electron detectors. Two accessories, tungsten probe and carbon nozzle, are inserted during the observation. The former has no influence on the contrast. When the carbon nozzle is inserted, best and distinct contrast can be obtained by In‐Lens SE detector. This method is novel for contrast enhancement. Phase segmentation of the image can be automatically performed. The related mechanism for different images is discussed.     

フライアッシュを用いたコンクリ一トの中性化に及ぼす暴露条件の影響

本報告はフライアッシュを使用したコンクリートの中性化についての測定結果を取りまとめたものである.シリーズⅠでは、暴露地、フライアッシュの種類、置換率における比較を行った.シリーズⅡでは、供試体の向き、設置場所、設置条件、調合条件における比較を行った.その結果、シリーズⅠにおいては、屋外暴露の場合、地域による中性化の差はあまり見られず、屋内と屋外の中性化速度係数の比は既往の実態調査結果より小さくなり、また、同一水結合材比では、フライアッシュの種類による中性化の差は認められなかった.シリーズⅡでは、中性化速度係数は屋外に置いて屋根なしより屋根ありのほうが大きい値を示し、また、建物の南側より北側のほうが小さい値となった.     

基于氢微缩技术拉伸变形Al-9%Mg合金的晶界氢析出(英文)

近年来,诸如全球变暖、化石燃料枯竭等环境问题日趋严重。发展使用氢作为清洁能源的燃料电池汽车,受到了汽车制造商的广泛重视。铝合金已经应用到燃料汽车的高压氢气槽的衬垫材料中。然而,氢在铝合金中的反应仍然没有得到清楚的阐明。因此,有必要分析氢在铝合金中的反应。氢缩影技术(HMPT)一直被视为一种探讨铝合金中氢行为的有效措施。目前,在室温下采用HMPT技术研究了拉伸变形Al-9%Mg合金内部氢析出的过程,发现氢在一些晶界处析出。     

Prediction of cyclic large plasticity for prestrained structural steel using only tensile coupon tests

Cold-formed steel members, which experience complicated prestrain histories, are frequently applied in structural engineering. This paper aims to predict cyclic plasticity of structural steels with tensile and compressive prestrain. Monotonic and cyclic tests on hourglass specimens with tensile and compressive prestrain are conducted, and compared with numerical simulations using the Chaboche model. Two approaches are taken in the simulation. The first requires only the monotonic tensile test data from the prestrained steels, and the second requires both the monotonic tensile test data from the virgin steel and the prestrain histories. The first approach slightly overestimates the compressive stress for specimens with tensile prestrain, while the second approach is able to accurately predict the cyclic plasticity in specimens with tensile and compressive prestrain.     

JOINT INVESTIGATION OF ROTATING FLOW WITH VORTEX BREAKDOWN USING CFD, VISUALIZATION AND LDV

Vortex breakdown of the steady axisymmetic rotating flow in a confined cylindrical container with a rotating endwall was numerically and experimentally studied. High-quality precision-controlled turntable facilities were established at Shanghai Jiaotong University and Tokyo Denki University independently. Collaborative investigations of vortex breakdown were carried out using CFD, Laser Doppler Velocimetry （LDV） and streakline visualization, respectively. The characteristics of vortex breakdown were delineated in terms of comparative investigation using numerical and experimental results. SIMPLEC scheme and FMG multigrid was applied to numerical simulation. Numerical simulation was extensively compared with streakline visualization and LDV measurements, showing qualitative and quantitative agreements.