Structural analysis and optimization of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation

In this paper, we present an aero‐structural model of a tethered swept wing for airborne wind energy generation. The carbon composite wing has neither fuselage nor actuated aerodynamic control surfaces and is controlled entirely from the ground using three separate tethers. The computational model is efficient enough to be used for weight optimisation at the initial design stage. The main load‐bearing wing component is a nontypical “D”‐shaped wing‐box, which is represented as a slender carbon composite shell and further idealised as a stack of two‐dimensional cross section models arranged along an anisotropic one‐dimensional beam model. This reduced 2+1D finite element model is then combined with a nonlinear vortex step method that determines the aerodynamic load. A bridle model is utilised to calculate the individual forces as a function of the aerodynamic load in the bridle lines that connect the main tether to the wing. The entire computational model is used to explore the influence of the bride on the D‐box structure. Considering a reference D‐box design along with a reference aerodynamic load case, the structural response is analysed for typical bridle configurations. Subsequently, an optimisation of the internal geometry and laminate fibre orientations is carried out using the structural computation models, for a fixed aerodynamic and bridle configuration. Aiming at a minimal weight of the wing structure, we find that for the typical load case of the system, an overall weight savings of approximately 20% can be achieved compared with the initial reference design.     

Semantische Informationsextraktion in medizinischen Informationssystemen

Zusammenfassung Dieser Artikel beschreibt einige Erfahrungen und typische Problemstellungen mit Textmining in der Medizin und gibt einen Einblick in aktuelle und zukünftige Herausforderungen in Forschung & Entwicklung. Interessant ist n?mlich, dass auch im ,,Multimedia-Zeitalter“ die meiste Information immer noch als ,,Text“ vorliegt. Mithilfe von statistischen und linguistischen Verfahren wird mit sogenannter ,,Textmining-Software“ versucht, aus Freitexten Information ,,heraus zu schürfen“ (deshalb ,,Textmining“). Allerdings ist es damit noch nicht genug. Der n?chste Schritt besteht darin, die Information sowohl nutzbar als auch brauchbar zu machen. Die jeweiligen End-Benutzerinnen und End-Benutzer müssen in die Lage versetzt werden, auf der Basis der gewonnenen Information deren Wissen zu erweitern. In unserem konkreten Fall sollen damit Entscheidungen im Rahmen ?rztlichen Handelns unterstützt werden. Probleml?sungen in diesem Bereich erfordern eine holistische Sicht- und Herangehensweise. Daher wird es immer wichtiger, Erkenntnisse aus Informatik und Psychologie zusammenflie?en zu lassen und auf systemischer Ebene technologisch umzusetzen.     

Patent information in a large electrical company, exemplified by the situation at Siemens

The special situation of patent information is dealt with against the background of the general problems of information provision. The role of the Patent Department of Siemens as a user of patent information and in the distribution of patent information within the company is discussed. Finally, the present system of current patent information on granted patents and first publications is outlined and an outlook on future developments given.     

Design aspects of MOS-controlled thyristor elements: technology,simulation, and experimental results

2.5-kV thyristor devices have been fabricated with integrated MOS controlled n⁺-emitter shorts and a bipolar turn-on gate using a p-channel DMOS technology. Square-cell geometries with pitch variations ranging from 15 to 30 μm were implemented in one- and two-dimensional arrays with up to 20000 units. The impact of the cell pitch on the turn-off performance and the on-state voltage was studied for arrays with constant cathode area as well as for single-cell structures. By realizing MOS components with submicrometer channel lengths, scaled single cells are shown to turn off with current densities of several kiloamperes per square centimeter at a gate bias of 5 V. In the case of multi-cell ensembles, turn-off performance is limited due to inhomogeneous current distribution. Critical process parameters as well as the device behavior were optimized through multidimensional numerical simulation     

Zur personellen Verankerung der IT-Funktion im Vorstand börsennotierter Unternehmen: Ergebnisse einer inhaltsanalytischen Betrachtung

On the Rate of Board Members with IT Responsibilities in Firms Listed on the Stock Exchange: Results of a Content Analysis: This article reports on a content analysis that investigates the rate of board members with IT responsibilities in firms listed on the stock exchange in the German speaking countries. Furthermore, the study ascertains the correlation of six factors – which become evident through content analysis – with the rate of board members with IT responsibilities. A total of 679 annual reports of German, Austrian, and Swiss corporations have been analyzed. The results show that in Germany and Switzerland 26 percent of the firms investigated have a board member with IT responsibilities, in Austria the rate is 23 percent. Additionally, the results show that turnover and number of employees are highly positively correlated with the rate of board members with IT responsibilities. Furthermore, the data show a correlation between industry and the rate of board members with IT responsibilities.     

Covalent Adaptable Microstructures via Combining Two-Photon Laser Printing and Alkoxyamine Chemistry: Toward Living 3D Microstructures

Manufacturing programmable materials, whose mechanical properties can be adapted on demand, is highly desired for their application in areas ranging from robotics, to biomedicine, or microfluidics. Herein, the inclusion of dynamic and living bonds, such as alkoxyamines, in a printable formulation suitable for two-photon 3D laser printing is exploited. On one hand, taking advantage of the dynamic covalent character of alkoxyamines, the nitroxide exchange reaction is investigated. As a consequence, a reduction of the Young´s Modulus by 50%, is measured by nanoindentation. On the other hand, due to its “living” characteristic, the chain extension becomes possible via nitroxide mediated polymerization. In particular, living nitroxide mediated polymerization of styrene results not only in a dramatic increase of the volume (≈8 times) of the 3D printed microstructure but also an increase of the Young's Modulus by two orders of magnitude (from 14 MPa to 2.7 GPa), while maintaining the shape including fine structural details. Thus, the approach introduces a new dimension by enabling to create microstructures with dynamically tunable size and mechanical properties.     

Berechnung und Optimierung von Geometrie und Eingriffsverhalten von Zahnformen beliebiger Achslage

The main benefit, the economical manufacturability of traditional gear profiles, such as an involute, are no longer of major importance in times of computer-aided design and production. Due to existing modern production techniques standard and more sophisticated gear types can be produced with high precision and maintainable financial effort. Especially for non-standard gear types modern gear production systems ensure high quality and reliability to the operator with regard to flank and meshing geometry. Depending on the context of application different gear types have advantages and disadvantages concerning load carrying capacity, effectiveness or noise excitation. Developing an optimized gearing for the desired application is thus a complex and elementary goal within the design process.     

Network availability prediction with hidden context

Modern mobile devices are increasingly capable of simultaneously connecting to multiple access networks with different characteristics. Restricted coverage combined with user mobility will vary the availability of networks for a mobile device. Most proposed solutions for such an environment are reactive in nature, such as performing a vertical handover to the network that offers the highest bandwidth. But the cost of the handover may not be justified if that network is only available for a short time. Knowledge of future network availability and their capabilities are the basis for proactive schemes which will improve network selection and utilization. We have previously proposed a prediction model that can use any available context such as GSM Location Area, WLAN presence or even whether the power cable is plugged in, to predict network availability.As it may not be possible to sense all of the context variables that influence future network availability, in this paper we introduce a generic, new model incorporating a hidden variable to account for this. Specifically, we propose a Dynamic Bayesian Network based context prediction model to predict network availability. Predictions performed for WLAN availability with the real user data collected in our experiments show 20% or more improvement compared to both of our earlier proposals of order 1 and 2 semi-Markov models.     

功率器件、电路和系统用的计算机辅助设计技术的进展

最近10年,计算机辅助设计技术(TCAD)的应用已在工业界和学术界普及。计算机硬件和软件迅猛发展和数值算法用的物理模型的精度、速度和鲁棒性显著提高,使TCAD作为晶片加工和计量的补充实验方法,成为降低成本的有效技术。