Fabrication of 80 mm diameter-sized solid oxide fuel cells using a water-based NiO–YSZ slurry

Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are very attractive for their high energy conversion efficiency and low emissions. Generally, a supported layer of SOFCs is fabricated by tape casting, using an organic solvent. Recently, a slurry based on water instead of an organic solvent has been sought in order to avoid environmental pollution. In this study, the anode of SOFCs was fabricated by aqueous tape casting, and the electrolyte and the cathode were deposited by screen printing. The I–V characteristics of the cell thus obtained were evaluated. As a result, an 80 mm diameter-sized cell with a power density of 0.33 W/cm² at 800 °C was successfully fabricated by controlling sintering conditions.     

在线实时浓度监测减少环境压力，降低总体拥有成本

随着半导体制造业的不断发展，对现场浓度测量的需求也不断增加。化学品浓度细微变化都会对晶圆缺陷等级造成不良影响，最为重要的是会对产量产生影响。另外，减少液态化学品废弃物流，使其对环境的影响最小化面临着不断增长的压力。     

Synthesis of N-doped titanium oxide by hydrothermal treatment

N-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles have been prepared by continuous or batch treatment of the colloidal TiO₂ nanoparticles under hydrothermal conditions with formamide, nitric acid, ammonia or triethylamine. The optical absorption tail of the obtained photocatalysts near the band gap extended to the visible region around λ = 500 nm. The efficiency of nitrogen doping was strongly dependent on the kind of nitrogen compounds, treatment method as well as treatment temperature. The most effective N-doping could be accomplished by the batch treatment with a small amount of triethylamine, which showed the efficient photocatalytic activity for both the reduction of Ag⁺ ions and the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation.     

Heterogeneity in Formation of Lignin. XIII. Formation of p-Hydroxyphenyl Lignin in Various Hardwoods Visualized by Microautoradiography

The heterogeneous nature of hardwood lignin was shown by visualizing the deposition process of p-hydroxyphenyl (H) lignin in the differentiating xylem of magnolia, beech, lilac and poplar. When p-glucocoumaryl alcohol-[arom. ring-2-³H], an efficient precursor of H units in lignin, was administered to the differentiating xylem of these trees, radioactivity was incorporated in the compound middle lamella region of vessel and fiber cell walls. The deposition of H units occurs only in the early stage of cell wall formation when the outer layer of the secondary wall is formed. H lignin deposits mainly within pectic substances and hemicellulose gel to form a highly condensed structural moiety.     

Engineering surface and development of a new DNA micro array chip

This paper proposes a new concept of the ‘engineering surface’, which extends the conventional idea of a functional surface by combining it with micro/nano manufacturing technology. Characteristic features and possibilities of the engineering surface are discussed in detail. This paper reviews studies on micro/nano fabrication technologies for advanced materials and evaluation technology for surface function. New fabrication technologies, micro machining and nano forming, are introduced, which will be basic manufacturing processes of the engineering surface. Also, a new surface evaluation technique is introduced for the surface energy of the nano fabricated surface. Design of a new DNA micro array chip is introduced as an example of applications of the engineering surface. Controllability of surface property by nano fabrication is studied.     

Influence of UV irradiation in low frictional performance of CNx coatings

The influence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on low frictional performance of CN_x coatings with 100 nm thickness having nitrogen contents of 9%, 14% and 19% deposited on Si(100) substrate by ion beam mixing was investigated in N₂ atmosphere environment. Three UV lights of 254, 312 and 365 nm were used to irradiate the surface of CN_x / Si(100) for 60 min. The changes of N / C ratio and atomic binding energy in the coating were analysed using Auger electron spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The friction coefficient of Si₃N₄ ball sliding against CN_x was measured by a pin‐on‐disc tribometer, and wear tracks were analysed by the transmission electron microscope image. The results showed that UV irradiation on CN_x coating can decrease the critical frictional cycles for low friction coefficient and that the mechanism is due to the formation of graphite‐like structure in the topmost CN_x coating. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Formation and Structure of Lignin in Monocotyledons. III. Heterogeneity of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Lignin with Respect to the Composition of Structural Units in Different Morphological Regions

Heterogeneity of sugarcane lignin with respect to the composition of structural units in different morphological regions was studied by microautoradiography and some degradative analyses. Structure of the lignin differs among fiber, vessel and parenchyma. The lignin in the secondary wall of fiber is composed of syringyl (S)-, guaiacyl (G)- and p-hydroxyphenyl (H)-propane units with accompanying phenolic acid residues, and the proportion of these monolignols is S > G > H. The lignin in vessels of protoxylem contains more G and H units than S units, and that in vessels of metaxylem is similar to that in fibers. Phenolic acid constituent in sugarcane cell wall includes sinapic acid in addition to p-coumaric and ferulic acids. Ferulic acid deposits at the very early stage of lignification, and p-coumaric and sinapic acids increasingly deposit with the progress of lignification. Therefore, the ratio of p-coumaric acid or sinapic acid to ferulic acid increases with lignification. Parenchyma wall involves larger amount of phenolic acids than vascular bundle does. The lignin in parenchyma is difficult to isolate by Björkman procedure, because there is greater possibility to form cross-linkage among cell wall polymers through phenolic acids. The cross linkages involving phenolic acid ester also explains why the sugarcane lignin is easily degraded.     

MAGIC抛光方法及其研究进展

MAGIC(MAGnetic Intelligent Compounds)是由包含磁性颗粒和磨粒的磁性流体固化形成的新型抛光材料。MAGIC中磁性颗粒形成的特殊排列可使磨粒均匀分布,因而MAGIC抛光可高效地获得小粗糙度的表面;另外,MAGIC可浇铸成形,故可用于复杂型面及狭小内表面的机械化抛光。简要介绍了MAGIC磨石的组成、制作方法、抛光效果以及目前的研究进展情况。     

Effect of Carbon Diffusion on Friction and Wear Behaviors of Diamond-Like Carbon Coating Against Germanium in Boundary Base Oil Lubrication

Tribology Letters - The focus of the research was on investigating the influence of orientation of fibers in graphite fabric-reinforced polyetherimide composite on wear performance in selected wear...     

Hydrogen-free carbon thin films prepared by new type surface-wave-sustained plasma (SWP)

In this paper is described the simple structure of a new type surface-wave-sustained plasma (SWP) source without a magnetic field surrounding the chamber wall. In the source, the plasma is excited and sustained by 2.45 GHz microwaves, and the plasma density is measured by a single Langmuir probe in the target direction. The results indicate that the electron density obtained in this system is as high as 9 × 10¹¹ cm^− 3 even at a low pressure of 2.8 Pa. A graphite target (99.998%) and argon (99.999%) are used for depositing hydrogen-free amorphous carbon films by the new SWP source. The Raman spectra of the carbon films were obtained, and the results denote that the structure of the carbon films prepared by SWP is typical of diamond-like carbon; the Raman intensity ratio I_D/I_G is 2.97. The surface morphology was investigated by using an atomic force microscope (AFM). The images demonstrate that the hydrogen-free carbon films deposited by SWP have a very smooth surface, with a grain size of about 20 nm and surface roughness R_a of about 0.778 nm.