Life cycle cost of conventional,battery electric,and fuel cell electric vehicles considering traffic and environmental policies in China

Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a promising alternative to conventional vehicles (CVs) to alleviate the oil crisis and reduce urban air pollution and carbon emissions. Consumers usually focus on the tangible cost when choosing an EV or CV but overlook the time cost for restricting purchase or driving and the environmental cost from gas emissions, falling to have a comprehensive understanding of the economic competitiveness of CVs and EVs. In this study, a life cycle cost model for vehicles is conducted to express traffic and environmental policies in monetary terms, which are called intangible cost and external cost, respectively. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and CVs are compared in four first-tier, four new first-tier, and 4 s-tier and below cities in China. The comparison shows that BEVs and FCEVs in most cities are incomparable with CVs in terms of tangible cost. However, the prominent traffic and environmental policies in first-tier cities, especially in Beijing and Shanghai, greatly increase the intangible and external costs of CVs, making consumers more inclined to purchase BEVs and FCEVs. The main policy benefits of BEVs and FCEVs come from three aspects: government subsidies, purchase and driving restrictions, and environmental taxes. With the predictable reduction in government subsidies, traffic and environmental policies present important factors influencing the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. In first-tier cities, BEVs and FCEVs already have a competitive foundation for large-scale promotion. In new first-tier and second-tier and below cities, stricter traffic and environmental policies need to be formulated to offset the negative impact of the reduction in government subsidies on the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis reveals that increasing the mileage and reducing fuel prices can significantly improve the competitiveness of BEVs and FCEVs, respectively.     

Investigation on milling force of thin-walled workpiece considering dynamic characteristics of workpiece

Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - The idea of integral calculus is used in traditional milling force prediction methods. In the traditional method, the milling cutter is divided into...     

BPDA/ODA体系微支化交联聚酰亚胺薄膜制备与性能研究

以三官能度的1,3,5-三(4-氨基苯氧基)苯(TAPOB)为交联剂,在3,3′,4,4′-联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)体系聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜中构建微支化交联结构,制备出一系列具有不同TAPOB含量的PI薄膜,研究了TAPOB含量对薄膜力学性能、热力学性能、介电性能和吸水率的影响.结果表明:TA-POB的引入可明显提高BPDA/ODA体系PI薄膜的综合性能,交联结构的存在有利于提高薄膜的力学性能、降低热膨胀系数(CTE)和吸水率,微支化结构则对降低介电常数有一定的作用.     

The dynamic evolution of aggregated lithium dendrites in lithium metal batteries

Lithium (Li) metal anodes promise an ultrahigh theoretical energy density and low redox potential,thus being the critical energy material for next-generation batteries.Unfortunately,the formation of Li den-drites in Li metal anodes remarkably hinders the practical applications of Li metal anodes.Herein,the dynamic evolution of discrete Li dendrites and aggregated Li dendrites with increasing current densities is visualized by in-situ optical microscopy in conjunction with ex-situ scanning electron microscopy.As revealed by the phase field simulations,the formation of aggregated Li dendrites under high current den-sity is attributed to the locally concentrated electric field rather than the depletion of Li ions.More specif-ically,the locally concentrated electric field stems from the spatial inhomogeneity on the Li metal surface and will be further enhanced with increasing current densities.Adjusting the above two factors with the help of the constructed phase field model is able to regulate the electrodeposited morphology from aggregated Li dendrites to discrete Li dendrites,and ultimately columnar Li morphology.The methodol-ogy and mechanistic understanding established herein give a significant step toward the practical appli-cations of Li metal anodes.     

Logistic映射及其混沌序列特性分析

提出了一种基于频谱特征分析Logistic映射工作状态的方法.首先,对典型Logistic迭代映射函数,在给定初值的情况下随参数μ变化得到不同的数值分布序列图和分岔图;其次,通过傅立叶变换得到Logistic映射的频谱特性,从频域弥补了时域分析中无法观测到的Logistic映射混沌特性;最后,通过对比分析表明Logistic映射的类随机性适合应用于保密通信领域.     

Inorganic Filler Enhanced Formation of Stable Inorganic-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal (LM) is a promising anode material for next generation lithium ion based electrochemical energy storage devices. Critical issues of unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and dendrite growth however still impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), formed through in situ polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate with fumed silica fillers, is developed to achieve high performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). As evidenced theoretically and experimentally, the presence of SiO₂ not only accelerates Li⁺ transport but also regulates Li⁺ solvation sheath structures, thus facilitating fast kinetics and formation of stable LiF-rich interphase and achieving uniform Li depositions to suppress Li dendrite growth. The composite GPE-based Li||Cu half-cells and Li||Li symmetrical cells display high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90.3% after 450 cycles and maintain stability over 960 h at 3 mA cm⁻² and 3 mAh cm⁻², respectively. In addition, Li||LiFePO₄ full-cells with a LM anode of limited Li supply of 4 mAh cm⁻² achieve capacity retention of 68.5% after 700 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mA g⁻¹). Especially, when further applied in anode-free LMBs, the carbon cloth||LiFePO₄ full-cell exhibits excellent cycling stability with an average CE of 99.94% and capacity retention of 90.3% at the 160th cycle at 0.5 C.     

6/7极磁通切换双凸极电动机的研究

基于二维有限元法,分别对磁通切换双凸极电动机(FSPM)的静态场和瞬态场进行了有限元计算,着重探讨了6/7极FSPM结构及特性,并与6/5极FSPM进行对比研究。研究结果表明,6/7极FSPM比6/5极具有更小的齿槽转矩,磁链和反电势波形具有更好的正弦性。     

基于随机秘钥蝙蝠算法的多行设施布局设计

针对行内纵向通道数量和位置具有不确定性的多行设施布局问题,建立了以最小化物流强度、最小化搬运设备空载运行强度及最大化相互关系为设计目标的布局优化模型,并针对所建立的模型提出了一种基于映射规则的随机秘钥蝙蝠算法。在蝙蝠算法中引入随机秘钥编码思想,定义了基于随机秘钥编码的蝙蝠位置向多行设施布局组合解的映射规则与映射步骤,使算法在不进行离散化处理的前提下,可以在连续空间上执行,并在组合空间上映射出码长不同的布局方案。最后,以一个多行设施布局问题为实例,采用所提出的随机秘钥蝙蝠算法进行求解,证明了算法的优越性。     

纯镁表面负载中药提取物对复合涂层性能影响

在纯镁超声微弧氧化表面,采用电泳沉积方法引入壳聚糖作为中间层,并在壳聚糖表面浸提中药提取物。研究中药提取物对复合涂层的微观结构、磨损性能、耐蚀性和生物活性等的影响。结果表明：负载中药提取物能对超声微弧氧化表面实现封孔处理,负载中药提取物涂层具有适宜的表面状态,从而改善耐蚀性;负载中药提取物涂层为化学结合提高了涂层的结合力和抗磨损性能,并具有优异的体外生物活性。