Forced convection subcooled boiling of binary mixtures

A mode based on an additive mechanism of heat transfer is proposed for forced convection subcooled boiling of binary mixtures. The contributing modes of heat transfer are: (i) the heat transferred as latent heat by the rising bubbles, (ii) the heat transferred as the heat contained in the superheated thermal layer that is removed from the surface in the wake of the rising bubbles and (iii) the single phase forced convection heat transfer from the heating surface not influenced by the bubbles. Experimental data from the literature on binary systems show good agreement with the model, validating the postulated mechanism.     

Modularization of a Large-Scale Business Application: A Case Study

Large software systems, developed over several years, are the backbone of industries such as banking, retail, transportation, and telecommunications. With multiple bug fixes and feature enhancements, these systems gradually deviate from the intended architecture and deteriorate into unmanageable monoliths. This article presents a case study of a banking application besot with such problems and the modularization approach that the company adopted as a solution. It also highlights benefits unearthed as a result of this reengineering exercise.     

Fabrication of chitosan microparticles loaded in chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffolds for tissue engineering application

In recent decades, the use of microparticle-mediated drug delivery is widely applied in the field of biomedical application. Here, we report the new dressing material with ciprofloxacin-loaded chitosan microparticle (CMP) impregnated in chitosan (CH) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) scaffold for effective delivery of drug in a sustained manner to the wound site. Moreover, the peculiar physiochemical and structural properties of the CH–CMP scaffold has proved better tensile strength and excellent swelling to achieve 82% of drug release. In vitro biocompatibility was done for both scaffold using NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines. In vitro fluorescent activity showed distinct biocompatibility with good cell adhesion and proliferation. However, the CH–CMP scaffold showed best result to act as promising biomaterial in effective drug delivery in tissue engineering.     

Electrospinning of poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) and gelatin blended thin films: fabrication, characterization, and application in skin regeneration

A tissue engineering scaffold should mimic the structure and biological function of native extracellular matrix proteins. Electrospinning is a simple and versatile method to produce ultrathin fibers for tissue engineering. Blended submicron fibers of poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) and gelatin were electrospun using 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro-2-propanol as solvent. Cross linking of fibers was achieved using glutaraldehyde, and the resultant fibers were tested and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The fibers were found to exhibit good tensile strength. Degradation studies were performed and analyzed using SEM and FTIR and proved the stability of fibers for tissue engineering applications. The fibrous scaffold supported the growth and rapid proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes with normal morphology, thus proving its reliability in using it as a potential scaffold for skin regeneration.     

Synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin: an in vitro study using human cancer cell lines

The most practical approach to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer is to delay the process of carcinogenesis by usage of anticancer agents. This necessitates that safer compounds are to be critically examined for anticancer activity especially, those derived from natural sources. A spice commonly found in India and the surrounding regions, is turmeric, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa and the major active component is a phytochemical termed curcumin. Green tea is one of the most popular beverages used worldwide, produced from the leaves of evergreen plant Camellia sinensis and the major active ingredients are polyphenolic compounds known as catechins. In this study, synergistic anticancer activity of curcumin and catechin was evaluated in human colon adenocarcinoma HCT 15, HCT 116, and human larynx carcinoma Hep G-2 cell lines. Although, both curcumin or catechin inhibited the growth of above cell lines, interestingly, in combination of both these compounds highest level of growth control was observed. The anticancer activity shown is due to cytotoxicity, nuclear fragmentation as well as condensation, and DNA fragmentation associated with the appearance of apoptosis. These results suggest that curcumin and catechin in combination can inhibit the proliferation of HCT 15, HCT 116, as well as Hep G-2 cells efficiently through induction of apoptosis.     

Combination of emerging technologies for the extraction of bioactive compounds

Abstract

With the growing consumer demands for greener alternatives that do not involve toxic chemicals as well as the industry concerns of sustainable, nontoxic routes of extraction, the applications of novel extraction technologies in the food industry have been widely studied. This review discussed the novel extraction technologies including their mechanisms, protocols, influencing factors, advantages and drawbacks, as well as a comprehensive summary of the combination of the novel extraction technologies for phyto-bioactive compounds. Novel extraction methods, including ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), are considered as clean, green and efficient alternative to conventional extraction technologies. Their combinations, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE), microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction (MAEE) and ultrasonic microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE), can exhibit higher potential extraction ability. However, some of them need specific equipment. The food industry in the extraction sector should choose a proper extraction method which has a balance between product quality, process efficiency, production costs and environmentally friendly processes. The current review presented comprehensive references for future research on the novel extraction of phyto-bioactive compounds extraction.

1. Highlights

2. Novel clean, green and efficient alternative to conventional extraction technologies are discussed.

3. Combination of the novel extraction technologies for synergistic effects.

4. Minimal degradation and enhanced extraction yields.

5. Extraction mechanisms, advantages and drawbacks associated with novel extraction technologies.

     

Effects of process parameters on EPA and DHA concentrate production from Atlantic salmon by-product oil: Optimization and characterization

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO₂) extracted Atlantic salmon frame bone oil (SFBO) was used for Eicosapentaenoic acid and Docosahexaenoic acid (EPA-DHA) concentrate production by urea complexation. Urea/fatty acids (2.5 to 4.0 w/w), crystallization temperature (?24 to ?8 °C) and crystallization time (8 to 24 h) were studied by Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to maximize EPA-DHA content. Highest EPA-DHA content was 60.63% at urea/fatty acids 4.0 w/w, crystallization temperature ?15.67 °C and crystallization time 8 h. EPA-DHA concentrate showed improvement of EPA-DHA from 6.39% in SFBO to 62.34%, increase of astaxanthin content from 21.33 μg/g in SFBO to 44.69 μg/g in EPA-DHA concentrate, no residual urea and reduction of many off-flavor compounds. The EPA-DHA yield showed an inverse relation with the urea/fatty acids, whereas its concentration increased proportionally with urea/fatty acids. Therefore, EPA-DHA concentrate produced from SFBO by urea complexation may be an efficient technique to provide ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to the consumers.     

In vivo protective effect against ethanol metabolism and liver injury of oyster (Crassostrea Gigas) extracts obtained via subcritical water processing

Food Science and Biotechnology - The present study assesses hepatoprotective effects of raw oyster lyophilized powder (OP) and subcritical water treated oyster powder (SOP) on D-galactosamine...