Floods are common and recurring natural hazards which damages is the destruction for society. Several regions of the world with different climatic conditions face the challenge of floods in different magnitudes. Here we estimate flood susceptibility based on Analytical neural network (ANN), Deep learning neural network (DLNN) and Deep boost (DB) algorithm approach. We also attempt to estimate the future rainfall scenario, using the General circulation model (GCM) with its ensemble. The Representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenario is employed for estimating the future rainfall in more an authentic way. The validation of all models was done with considering different indices and the results show that the DB model is most optimal as compared to the other models. According to the DB model, the spatial coverage of very low, low, moderate, high and very high flood prone region is 68.20%, 9.48%, 5.64%, 7.34% and 9.33% respectively. The approach and results in this research would be beneficial to take the decision in managing this natural hazard in a more efficient way.
In the modeling of the gas metal-arc (GMA) welding process, heat inputs to the workpiece by the arc and the metal transfers
have been considered separately. The heat energy delivered due to the metal transfer has been approximated in the form of
a cylindrical volumetric heat source, whose dimensions of the radius and the height are dependent on the molten metal droplet
characteristics. The pinch instability theory (PIT) and the static force balance theory (SFBT) of drop detachment have independently
been used to obtain the expressions for various characteristics of the drop,i.e., the drop radius, the drop velocity, and the drop frequency at various welding parameters. The occurrence or the nonoccurrence
of finger penetration, routinely found in the GMA welding at high welding currents, has been satisfactorily explained by the
cylindrical heat source model. The effect of various welding parameters,e.g., the welding current, the wire radiusetc., on the weld bead penetration characteristics has been investigated. In this modeling effort, the heat conduction equation
has been solved in three dimensions. 相似文献
The performance of a box-type solar cooker can be represented in terms of two figures of merit, F1 and F2. The second figure F2 is a controlling factor in the sensible heating of a load. The present work validates F2 by computing this figure from experimental data by two different procedures and comparing the results. An attempt has also been made to provide some guidelines for selecting a suitable temperature interval for determination of F2. The results of some experiments to study the effect of number of pots and the load on F2 have also been presented. It is recommended that for standardization tests should be conducted at full load. 相似文献
AgPb2B2V3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) ceramics with low sintering temperature were synthesized via the conventional solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction patterns confirm cubic symmetry with space group . The number of observed vibrational modes and those predicted by group theoretical calculations also confirm the space group. At the optimum sintering temperature of 750°C/4 hours, AgPb2Mg2V3O12 has a relative permittivity of 23.3 ± 0.2, unloaded quality factor () of 26 900 ± 500 GHz (), and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency of 19.3 ± 1 ppm/°C, while AgPb2Zn2V3O12 has the corresponding values of 26.4 ± 0.2, 28 400 ± 500 GHz () and –18.4 ± 1 ppm/°C at 590°C/4 hours. Microwave dielectric properties of a few reported garnets and Pb2AgB2V3O12 (B = Mg, Zn) ceramics were correlated with their intrinsic characteristics such as the Raman shifts as well as width of A1g Raman bands. Higher quality factor was obtained for lower full width at half-maxima (FWHMs) values of A1g modes. The increase in B-site bond valence contributes to high and low |τf| with the substitution of Zn2+ by Mg2+. Furthermore, the high ionic polarizability and unit cell volume with Zn2+substitution contribute to increased relative permittivity. 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - A new cryptographic model is proposed incorporating intertwining logistic map based confusion process and two dimensional Brownian Motion based diffusion... 相似文献
A two-scale continuum model is used to simulate reactive dissolution of carbonate rocks in radial flow. The three main types of patterns observed in linear and radial flow experiments, namely, compact, wormhole and uniform patterns are numerically simulated. The fractal nature of wormholes observed in laboratory experiments is established and confirmed through simulations and the fractal dimension is quantitatively matched. The dependence of wormhole fractal dimension, optimum injection rate and minimum pore volumes required to breakthrough the medium on heterogeneity magnitude and aspect ratio is investigated. A new criterion to predict the optimum injection rate for wormhole formation in radial flow is derived and validated. It is observed that the wormhole penetration depth increases with injection time as tb, where the exponent b is found to be approximately 0.66, as observed in the experiments. A critical level of heterogeneity magnitude seems to exist below which the minimum pore volumes required to breakthrough are much higher. 相似文献
Failure investigation was carried out on boiler water wall tubes of a thermal power plant through visual inspection, chemical analysis, and metallurgical analysis. Failure was in the form of thin/micro cracks along the length of the tubes which were located at the girth welding joint of tubes. Experimental results revealed that the cracking was from inward to outward of the tube thickness. Discontinuities/cavities were observed in the welded region which might have occurred due to lack of fusion of base metal and the weld metal. Cracks were initiated from the sharp corner/crack tip of the cavities/discontinuities present at the welded region under the action of hoop/thermal stress existed during the operation. Nature of the crack propagation indicates the case of typical hydrogen-induced cracking. Moreover, the presence of the cavities/discontinuities reduced the cross-sectional area of tubes resulting increased stress intensity. Increased stress beyond the flow stress of the material assisted by hydrogen-induced effect resulted the cracking of the tubes. In order to mitigate the problem, proper welding of tubes joints should be carried out followed by proper inspection after weld. Secondly, hydrogen dissolution during welding should be prevented and treatment for its removal after welding should be carried out. 相似文献
Hydrogen (H2) production through biological routes is an eco-friendly process. Dark-fermentative or photosynthetic pathways have been widely studied to produce H2. In these cases yields up to 3.8 mol H2/mol glucose have been reported to be produced under dark-fermentative conditions by Enterobacter, Caldicellulosiruptor and Thermotoga spp., or through photo-fermentative route by bacteria such as Rhodopseudomonas spp. A combination of the two systems allows a 2-fold increase in H2 yield. The need is to increase the efficiency of the whole process to yield 12 mol H2/mol glucose. In this review, we propose that metabolic activities of bacteria may be complemented to use biowaste as feed for increasing the efficiency of H2 production process. Further utilization of intermediates of these two processes for polyhydroxyalkanoate and methane production is likely to increase the feasibility of meeting the ever increasing energy demand. 相似文献
It is now possible to assess the impact of the production processes of aluminum on the environment and to describe some of
the ongoing responses and opportunities for improvement. This is compared with the benefits of aluminum in transportation,
where the growing usage in various forms of transport due to its low density, high strength, and ability to be recycled enables
reduced mass, increased fuel efficiency, reduced emissions and increased safety. It is the purpose of this paper to compare
and contrast the emissions generated in the production of aluminum with the benefits accruing from its increased use in transportation. 相似文献