Control of Rabinovich chaotic system using sliding mode control

This paper investigates the control of the continuous time Rabinovich chaotic system with the sliding mode control method. Based on the properties of the sliding mode theory, the controllers are designed and added to the nonlinear Rabinovich system. Numerical simulations show that the Rabinovich chaotic system can be regulated to its equilibrium points in the state space by using the sliding mode controllers, which verifies all the theoretical analyses. Simulation results of the proposed sliding mode control strategy have been also compared with the passive control method, and their performances are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Structural and ultrastructural features of the Malpighian tubules of Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus 1758), (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

The morphology and ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules of Dolycoris baccarum were analyzed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy in order to determine their functional organization. The Malpighian tubules are compared with similar structures of other insects based on cell structure and functional organization. The Malpighian tubules of D. baccarum extend from the midgut–hindgut region of the digestive tract. The Malpighian tubules are divided into two regions: the proximal segment is short and flattened and the distal segment is long, stringy in shape and free in hemolymph. The tubules are generally long and narrow. There is a large number of trachea around the tubules. They consist of a single layer of epithelial cells. It is observed in the TEM observation that the epithelial cells have numerous microvilli at the apical side of the cells. At the basal side of the cells, there is a great number of membrane foldings and mitochondria among them. Besides some spherites, mitochondria, lysosome‐like bodies, and large or small granules can be distinguished in the cells. With this study, we aimed to demonstrate the ultrastructure of the Malpighian tubules of D. baccarum and differences or similarities with other species.