生态型高吸水性树脂的研究

从高吸水性树脂的化学结构出发，论述了树脂的降解机理和降解方法，归纳和评述了近期我国在可降解天然聚合物、丙烯酸接枝共混和丙烯酸（盐）合成聚合物方向的研究，并对未来作出展望。     

特异造型大面积金属幕墙安装技术

中央电视台电视文化中心采用进口钛锌板幕墙,金属幕墙由外皮和内皮两部分组成,分别固定在网架结构的外侧和内侧。安装高度达159．07m,展开面积大,造型特异,工序复杂,安装难度大。为此专门研制了运输轨道体系、吊篮、云梯、吊笼等专用机械和工具,并应用柔性防水节点处理,保证了特异造型大面积金属幕墙的顺利安装。     

Excess properties and spectroscopic studies for binary system polyethylene glycol 600 + dimethyl sulfoxide at T =(298.15, 303.15,308.15, 313.15, and 318.15) K

The work presents density (ρ) and viscosity (η) data of binary system polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG) + dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) over the entire concentration range at T =(298.15,303.15,308.15,313.15 and 318.15) K and atmospheric pressure.On the basis of density and viscosity values,the excess properties of PEG (1) + DMSO (2) mixtures,including excess molar volume (VEm),viscosity deviation (△η),excess free energies of activation (△G*E),and isobaric thermal expansion coefficient (αp),were calculated.At the same time,in order to conjecture the density viscosity under different conditions,the density and viscosity data were fitted with the corresponding formula.The calculated results of VEm,△η,and △G*E were fitted with the Redlich-Kister equation to derive coefficients and estimate the standard deviations (σ) between the experimental and calculated values.Moreover,the intermolecular interaction of PEG with DMSO was discussed on the basis of FTIR and UV-Vis spectral results of PEG (1) + DMSO (2) mixtures.The results indicated that there were the hydrogen bonding and interactions of hvdroxvl hydrogen atoms in PEG with oxygen atoms in DMSO.     

惰性气体对粉尘爆炸泄放特性影响的实验研究

爆炸泄放和爆炸抑制是工业上降低粉尘爆炸危害性的两个重要手段,同时实现粉尘爆炸抑制和泄放共同作用的效果值得关注。基于标准20 L球形粉尘爆炸装置侧向开泄放口,实验研究不同泄放口径和静态动作压力时CO₂/N₂对石松子粉泄放过程压力的影响,采用热重分析法分析了石松子粉尘分别在CO₂、N₂氛围的热重变化。结果表明,在20 mm泄放口径时,随着CO₂/N₂浓度的增加,泄放压力的降低幅值逐渐增大,且CO₂对粉尘爆炸泄放最大超压的减小效果要优于N₂。泄放压力值随着CO₂浓度的增加基本呈线性降低,当体系中的CO₂和N₂浓度增加到10%时对体系泄放压力值的降低效果开始趋于一致。对于40 mm泄放口径,添加相同浓度的CO₂体系泄放压力值要略低于N₂,降低幅值为6%~8%。对于60 mm泄放口径,CO₂/N₂两者抑制效果差别不大,且在添加浓度不超过8%时对体系泄放压力值的降低幅值影响较小。通过TGA曲线可以发现,在N₂气氛和CO₂气氛的热流条件中,石松子粉的热解过程在370℃左右开始出现明显的差异,CO₂气氛中石松子粉的热解速率要快于其在N₂气氛中的,因此在这个过程中CO₂的存在一定程度上会促进石松子粉的热解,随着热解温度进一步提升,CO₂对石松子粉热解的抑制效果开始逐渐体现。     

乳化剂SP-80合成动力学影响因素的探讨

考察乳化剂SP-80合成中相关动力学影响因素,以产品的乳化能力为考核指标,通过正交试验法优选出最佳工艺条件:醇酸比(摩尔比)为1∶1.3,山梨醇脱水温度为110~130℃,山梨醇脱水时间为2.0~2.5h,真空度为3.0kPa,酯化反应温度为200~210℃,酯化反应时间为3.5~4.5h,催化剂用量为0.30%~0.40%。     

Ionic liquid as an efficient promoting medium for synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of methanol

The synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by oxidative carbonylation of methanol using Cu salt catalysts in the presence of various room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) was reported. Among the ionic liquids used, N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate was the most effective promoter in terms of the conversion of methanol and the selectivity to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The influences of reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of CO/O₂, and amount of the ionic liquid on the oxidative carbonylation of methanol were investigated. The results indicated that under the reaction conditions of 120 °C and 2.4 MPa of a 2:1 mixture of CO and O₂, 17.2% conversion of methanol, 97.8% selectivity of DMC and a DMC productivity of 4.6 g g⁻¹ cat h⁻¹ were achieved. The N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate-meditated CuCl catalyst system could be reused at least five recycles with the same selectivity and a slight loss of catalytic activity due to loss of the catalyst during handling and transferring the reaction mixture.     

新型油井水泥物相组成调控及力学性能研究

为了解决页岩气开采时固井水泥环产生破坏失效的问题,通过矿物组成计算和调整生料配比,采用岩相、XRD分析以及扫描电镜测试手段,开展油井水泥物相组成调控研究,探索不同矿物组成的水泥力学性能及相关水化产物。结果表明:所研制的新型油井水泥7 d抗压、抗折强度分别为45.3 MPa、8.9 MPa;28 d抗压、抗折强度分别为54.2 MPa、9.6 MPa;7 d弹性模量降至7.1 GPa,与G级油井水泥相比降低了14.4%,显示出更为优异的力学性能。通过微观分析得出新型油井水泥力学性能增强的机制是由于矿物组成的改变使其水化产物中产生了更多的C-S-H凝胶,同时铁相含量的提升也生成了更多富铁(铝)凝胶,水化产物之间形成紧密的桥联结构,整体结构更为密实。新型油井水泥抗压、抗折强度以及韧性都较G级油井水泥更为优异,对于页岩气安全、高效的开采具有重要参考价值。     

碳素钢连铸坯高温力学性能的研究

本文利用Gleeble-1500热/力模拟机测试0.13％C钢连铸坯的高温力学性能,比较了凝固法,模拟法和加热法对测试结果的影响。结果表明,连铸坯存在1200℃～T_M(熔点)及700～1000℃两个脆性温区,脆性温区的产生与凝固组织及晶界脆化有关。在1300℃以上温区,相同试验温度下,力学性能随二次枝晶臂间距增加而降低。模拟温度高于1340℃时,可准确模拟连铸坯900～1200℃温区的力学性能变化。     

两向热流对钢锭凝固过程中流动作用的模拟研究

系统考察了两向热流条件下网锭凝固过程中流动的以及流场和温度场的相互作用。结果表明，当流动方向和等温线推进方向一致时，流动强化了等温线的推进，当流动方向和等温线推进方向相反射，流动削弱了等温线的推进。顶部冷却容易引起热扰动，使得对流过程不稳定，底部冷却加快了底部等温线的推进，稳定了对流过程，减少了流速。     

Thermodynamic criterion of separated eutectic phenomena

About 26 kinds of simple and complex binary eutectics were frozen directionally under the condition of electromagnetic stirring. It was found that anomalous eutectics including most metals/non-metals and some metal/intermetallic eutectics, can be separated on macroscopic scale by flow caused by electromagnetic stirring. Moreover, the eutectics in which one of their component phases possess an entropy of solution over 23 J mol-1K-1 showed notable separation. In addition, process factors also affect the formation of a separated eutectic. © 1998 Chapman & Hall