Minimization of switching activities of partial products for designing low-power multipliers

This work presents low-power 2's complement multipliers by minimizing the switching activities of partial products using the radix-4 Booth algorithm. Before computation for two input data, the one with a smaller effective dynamic range is processed to generate Booth codes, thereby increasing the probability that the partial products become zero. By employing the dynamic-range determination unit to control input data paths, the multiplier with a column-based adder tree of compressors or counters is designed. To further reduce power consumption, the two multipliers based on row-based and hybrid-based adder trees are realized with operations on effective dynamic ranges of input data. Functional blocks of these two multipliers can preserve their previous input states for noneffective dynamic data ranges and thus, reduce the number of their switching operations. To illustrate the proposed multipliers exhibiting low-power dissipation, the theoretical analyzes of switching activities of partial products are derived. The proposed 16 /spl times/ 16-bit multiplier with the column-based adder tree conserves more than 31.2%, 19.1%, and 33.0% of power consumed by the conventional multiplier, in applications of the ADPCM audio, G.723.1 speech, and wavelet-based image coders, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed multipliers with row-based, hybrid-based adder trees reduce power consumption by over 35.3%, 25.3% and 39.6%, and 33.4%, 24.9% and 36.9%, respectively. When considering product factors of hardware areas, critical delays and power consumption, the proposed multipliers can outperform the conventional multipliers. Consequently, the multipliers proposed herein can be broadly used in various media processing to yield low-power consumption at limited hardware cost or little slowing of speed.     

纳米Cu2O/TiO2 异质结薄膜电极的制备和表征

通过阴极还原在纳米TiO2膜上电沉积Cu2O，获得了p-Cu2O／n-TiO2异质结电极．研究了沉积温度对Cu2O膜厚、纯度和形貌的影响，制备出纯度较高、粒径为40-50nm的Cu2O薄膜．纳米Cu2O膜在200℃烧结后透光性最好，禁带宽度为2．06eV．光电化学测试表明纳米p-Cu2O／n-TiO2异质结电极呈现较强的n-型光电流响应并且能够提高光电转换效率．     

柱后衍生-离子色谱-紫外检测法测定食品中亚硝酸盐含量

目的 建立柱后衍生-离子色谱-紫外检测法测定食品中亚硝酸盐含量的分析方法。方法 样品用水进行超声提取,采用亚铁氰化钾-乙酸锌溶液沉淀后离心过滤,样品溶液中的亚硝酸盐经离子色谱分离后在酸性条件下与对氨基苯磺酸及N-(1-萘基)-乙二胺二盐酸盐偶合生成紫红色染料,紫外检测器在538 nm波长下检测,外标法定量。结果 以KOH溶液为流动相,亚硝酸盐在0.001～0.100 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,检出限低至0.05mg/kg,食品样品中亚硝酸盐的加标回收率在90.4%～109.0%之间,6次重复测量的相对标准偏差均小于10%。结论 本方法具有灵敏度高、特异性强、前处理简便等优点,适合于各种类型样品中亚硝酸盐的检测。     

Novel combined shield design for eye and face protection from COVID-19

The World Health Organization emphasized the importance of goggles and face shields for protection of medical personnel at the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic...     

1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学快速检测蛹虫草掺假

目的：采用氢核磁共振(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)结合正交偏最小二乘法(Orthogonal partial least squares,OPLS)建立对蛹虫草中金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇掺假的快速鉴别方法。方法：主成分分析得分图显示,不同类型的掺假样品并不能完全分离。采用两步法进一步提高模型的鉴别能力,首先对纯蛹虫草和掺假蛹虫草进行OPLS-DA分析,模型显示真假蛹虫草分类良好,两类样品存在明显区别。然后对所有20% (w/w)掺假蛹虫草进行了O2PLS-DA模型分析,通过分别由28个和12个样本组成的训练和测试集来检查鉴别能力的准确性。结果：模型整体拟合优度为R2X = 75.2%, R2Y = 92.3%,整体交叉验证系数Q2 = 89.7%,掺假物金针菇、杏鲍菇和香菇能够被准确辨别。结论：1H NMR代谢指纹图谱结合化学计量学,对于真伪蛹虫草及掺假类型能够有效鉴别,可用于大批量商业筛选。     

阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质研制

目的采用冷冻干燥技术制备均匀性和稳定性符合要求的阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质,用于实验室内部质量控制。方法对使用菌株阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列、质谱特征进行确认。采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为103 CFU/样品的菌球。参照CNAS-GL29《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》,对20件样品进行均匀性检验,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。将样品分别于-20、2、37℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织5家实验室进行协同标定。使用20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质对阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质的使用效果进行确认。结果阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)生化鉴定结果、16SrRNA序列的NCBIGenebank比对结果、质谱鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)。采用单因素方差分析进行均匀性检验, F=1.067, P=0.442,符合标准物质的要求。于-20℃保藏170 d,于25、37℃保藏14d后,样品仍然稳定。经5家实验室协同标定,样品含量均为103 CFU/样品。20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质加入阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质进行检验,均可以检出。结论阪崎克罗诺杆菌(CMCC45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列分析、蛋白飞行质谱特征均符合克罗诺杆菌属的典型特征。均匀性、储藏稳定性、运输稳定性及适用性的验证实验结果均符合标准物质的要求。     

Targeting lncRNA H19/miR-29b/COL1A1 Axis Impedes Myofibroblast Activities of Precancerous Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is known as a potentially malignant disorder, which may result from chemical irritation due to areca nuts (such as arecoline). Emerging evidence suggests that fibrogenesis and carcinogenesis are regulated by the interaction of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs. Among these regulators, profibrotic lncRNA H19 has been found to be overexpressed in several fibrosis diseases. Here, we examined the expression of H19 in OSF specimens and its functional role in fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs). Our results indicate that the aberrantly overexpressed H19 contributed to higher myofibroblast activities, such as collagen gel contractility and migration ability. We also demonstrated that H19 interacted with miR-29b, which suppressed the direct binding of miR-29b to the 3′-untranslated region of type I collagen (COL1A1). We showed that ectopic expression of miR-29b ameliorated various myofibroblast phenotypes and the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), COL1A1, and fibronectin (FN1) in fBMFs. In OSF tissues, we found that the expression of miR-29b was downregulated and there was a negative correlation between miR-29b and these fibrosis markers. Lastly, we demonstrate that arecoline stimulated the upregulation of H19 through the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β pathway. Altogether, this study suggests that increased TGF-β secretion following areca nut chewing may induce the upregulation of H19, which serves as a natural sponge for miR-29b and impedes its antifibrotic effects.     

2种用于检测市售核桃露(乳)饮品中花生、大豆成分方法的比较分析

摘 要: 目的 比较实时荧光定量PCR法与酶联免疫吸附法在核桃露(乳)饮品中检测花生和大豆成分的灵敏性的差异。方法 应用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测样本DNA的核桃、花生和大豆源性成分, 应用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测样本的花生和大豆特征蛋白成分。结果 加热处理对实时荧光PCR和ELISA法检测花生和大豆的结果均有显著性影响。实时荧光定量PCR方法检出2个品牌4批次样本含有花生源性, 3个品牌的6批次样本含有大豆源性; ELISA方法除检出这些批次含有花生和大豆源性成分外, 另检出3个品牌5批次样本含有大豆源性成分。ELISA方法与实时荧光定量PCR方法的大豆检测结果差异主要集中在低蛋白浓度样品中, 这与2类方法的检出限不同有关。结论 鉴于2类方法检测结果在高浓度水平的高度一致性, 说明实时荧光PCR和ELISA方法对花生和大豆源性成分检测结果均具有很高的可靠性。     

Thermally reversible cross-linked polyamides and thermo-responsive gels by means of Diels-Alder reaction

Cross-linked polyamides and polyamide gels were prepared from maleimide-containing polyamides and a tri-functional furan compound and showed thermal reversibility in cross-linking behavior and in gel formation through Diels-Alder (DA) and retro-DA reactions. The rate constant k of the DA cross-linking reaction were 1.25-4.83×10⁻⁵ dm³ mol⁻¹ s⁻¹ in the temperature range of 20-60 °C with an activation energy of 32.1 kJ mol⁻¹. The cross-linking densities, thermal properties, and thermal reversibility of the polyamides/furan polymers were adjustable with the contents of maleimide groups in polyamides.     

食品检验用解脂耶氏酵母菌标准物质制备研究

目的 为满足实验室酵母菌日常检验质量控制需求及实验室间比对,制备解脂耶氏酵母菌检验用标准物质。方法 通过生化、基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱及ITS位点测序对研究用菌株进行菌种鉴定确认后,刮取适宜菌苔于保护剂中混匀后冻干,制备10_⁴ CFU/样品浓度的标准物质。参照CNAS-GL003等标准要求进行均匀性检验后,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行评价。将样品放于25 ℃和37 ℃及-20 ℃、4 ℃条件下,分别进行运输稳定性检验及储存稳定性检验。依据国家标准GB 4789.15,将研制的本标准物质加入7类食品基质共20件样品中进行检验,验证真实食品样品中适用性。组织3家实验室,对本标准物质进行协作标定。结果CMCC98025经生化鉴定为解脂耶氏酵母菌,准确度为93%;MALDI-TOF MS鉴定结果为解脂耶氏酵母,分数为2.012;ITS位点测序结果与NCBI Genbank中已有序列比对,匹配最优结果为解脂耶氏酵母Yarrowia lipolytica(Accession number ：CP061015.1;Query Cover：95%;Ident：100%)。均匀性测试结果符合正态分布,通过单因子方差分析计算F_0.05(19,20)=2.137,F值为1.697,F＜F_0.05,符合均匀性要求。25 ℃及37 ℃培养箱中放置7天,标准物质中菌含量仍保持在10_⁴ CFU/样品,可保持稳定。标准物质于4 ℃储存28天及-20 ℃储存90天,菌含量为10_⁴ CFU/样品,复苏率均在91%以上,说明4 ℃放置较短时间及-20 ℃放置较长时间样品稳定。7类食品样品基质中加入本标准物质后进行检验,均可检出,回收率为81.3%。经三家实验室协作标定,本标准物质平均浓度为2.0～3.0×10_⁴ CFU/样品。结论 本研究制备的解脂耶氏酵母菌标准物质均匀性、稳定性、真实食品样品中应用验证及协作标定结果均符合要求,可应用于食品中解脂耶氏酵母菌定性检验,今后可作为实验室日常检验工作的阳性对照质控样品,也可作为实验室间比对样品发放,以保障日常检验工作结果可靠性,进一步提升检验机构人员的检验水平。