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Berdan Ulas Aykut Caglar Sakir Ylmaz Umit Ecer Yonca Yilmaz Tekin Sahan Hilal Kivrak 《国际能源研究杂志》2019,43(15):8985-9000
In this study, multiwall carbon nanotube (MCNT)‐supported Pd (Pd/MWCNT) catalysts are prepared by using NaBH4 reduction method. In order to maximize the oxidation and reduction of H2SO4, synthesis conditions (Pd ratio, molar ratio of NaBH4/K2PdCl4, volume of deionized water, and duration of agitation) are optimized by using response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum synthesis conditions are determined as 58.2% of Pd by weight, 154.6 molar ratio of NaBH4 to K2PdCl4, 19.48 mL of deionized water, and 186.16 min of agitation duration. The effect of electrochemical measurement conditions on the oxidation kinetics of Pd/MWCNT is also investigated by RSM. The optimum electrochemical measurement conditions are found as 10 μL of catalyst mixture, 90°C of H2SO4 solution, and 5.5 M H2SO4. The Pd/MWCNT, Pd50Ag50/MWCNT, and Pd65.6Ag33.6Cr0.80/MWCNT catalysts prepared under optimized conditions are characterized by using X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The crystallite sizes of these catalysts are found as 4.85, 5.66, and 5.26 nm for Pd/MWCNT, Pd50Ag50/MWCNT, and Pd65.6Ag33.6Cr0.80/MWCNT catalysts, respectively. Isotherms of all these catalysts are found to be similar to Type V isotherms with H3 hysteresis loop. The average particle size of Pd50Ag50/MWCNT and Pd65.6Ag33.6Cr0.80/MWCNT catalysts are determined as 5.2 and 9.2 nm, respectively. Electrochemical performance of as‐prepared catalysts is evaluated by using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. The formic acid electrooxidation (FAEO) activities are found as 18.9, 27.8, and 51.6 mA/cm2 for Pd/MWCNT, Pd50Ag50/MWCNT, and Pd65.6Ag33.6Cr0.80/MWCNT, respectively. Pd65.6Ag33.6Cr0.80/MWCNT shows the highest activity and stability. Optimization of synthesis conditions and electrochemical measurement parameters allow us to obtain very good electrochemical activity and stability for FAEO reaction compared with anode catalysts in the literature. 相似文献
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N. M. Kazyuchits A. V. Konovalova I. I. Azarko F. F. Yakotsuk I. N. Bogdanov Yu. K. Kabak 《Inorganic Materials》2014,50(2):130-135
Diamond single crystals synthesized under various conditions have been characterized by absorption spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance. The results demonstrate that preannealing of the reaction cell materials in an argon-hydrogen mixture and the use of a metal-carbon system containing 3 wt % aluminum allow the concentration of process-related impurities in the single crystals to be reduced. The growing crystal captures more impurities in the initial stages of the process, so the impurities are concentrated in the central part of the crystal, near the seed. The concentration of the process-related impurities near the corners of the crystal is substantially lower. 相似文献
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Bulent Kabak 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2009,89(4):549-554
Mycotoxins are considered to be heat‐stable molecules. Because of their toxic effects, information about their stability in thermal processes and potential inactivation procedures is needed. Numerous reports in the literature over a number of years have described the fate of mycotoxin during thermal food processing, including cooking, boiling, baking, frying, roasting and pasteurization. This review focuses on the effects of various thermal treatments on mycotoxins, while the fate of mycotoxins during extrusion processing, which is one of the most important technologies employed in the food industry, will also be reviewed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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An environmental and technical sustainability assessment methodology is developed for both centralized and dual water distribution systems (WDSs) with and without fire flow scenarios. Technical sustainability of potable and reclaimed water networks is measured by a sustainability index (SI) assessment using reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability performance criteria. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EPANET software is used to simulate hydraulic (i.e. nodal pressure) and water quality (i.e. water age) analysis in a WDS. Total fresh water use and total energy intensity are considered as environmental sustainability criteria. The procedure considers two separate alternatives for meeting fire flows: (1) adding pumping to a system or (2) adding a non-potable WDS. The reclaimed system is designed using linear programming (LP) optimization. For each alternative, multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is used to combine technical and environmental sustainability criteria for an urban WDS. 相似文献
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The present work describes the purification and characterization of peroxidase from the medicinal plant, Amsonia orientalis, for the first time. The activity recovery for peroxidase was 162% with 12.5-fold purification. Optimal purification parameters were 20% (w/v) (NH4)2SO4 saturation at pH 6.0 and 25°C with 1.0:1.0 (v/v) ratio of crude extract to t-butanol ratio for 30 min. The molecular mass of the enzyme was found to be ca. 59 kDa. Peroxidase showed Km values of 1.88 and 2.0 mM for pyrogallol and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. FeSO4, CuSO4, HgCl2, MnSO4 and MgSO4 did not inhibit the enzyme activity. 相似文献
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Macroanatomic,light, and electron microscopic examination of pecten oculi in the seagull (Larus canus)
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Nazan Gezer Ince Burcu Onuk Yonca Betil Kabak Aydin Alan Murat Kabak 《Microscopy research and technique》2017,80(7):787-792
The present study was conducted to determine macroanatomic characteristic as well as light and electron microscopic examination (SEM) of pecten oculi and totally 20 bulbus oculi belonging to 10 seagulls (Larus canus) were used. Pecten oculi formations consisted of 18 to 21 pleats and their shape looked like a snail. Apical length of the pleats forming pecten oculi were averagely measured as 5.77 ± 0.56 mm, retina‐dependent base length was 9.01 ± 1.35 mm and height was measured as 6.4 ± 0.62 mm. In pecten oculi formations which extend up to 1/3 of the bulbus oculi, two different vascular formations were determined according to thickness of the vessel diameter. Among these, vessels with larger diameters which are less than the others in count were classified as afferent and efferent vessels, smaller vessels which are greater in size were classified as capillaries. Furthermore, the granules which were observed intensely in apical side of the pleats of pecten oculi were observed to distribute randomly along the plica. 相似文献
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Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that have been associated with severe toxic effects to vertebrates produced by many important phytopathogenic and food spoilage fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, and Alternaria species. The contamination of foods and animal feeds with mycotoxins is a worldwide problem. We reviewed various control strategies to prevent the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi as well as to inhibit mycotoxin biosynthesis including pre-harvest (resistance varieties, field management and the use of biological and chemical agents), harvest management, and post-harvest (improving of drying and storage conditions, the use of natural and chemical agents, and irradiation) applications. While much work in this area has been performed on the most economically important mycotoxins, aflatoxin B(1) and ochratoxin A much less information is available on other mycotoxins such as trichothecenes, fumonisin B(1), zearalenone, citrinin, and patulin. In addition, physical, chemical, and biological detoxification methods used to prevent exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic effect of mycotoxins are discussed. Finally, dietary strategies, which are one of the most recent approaches to counteract the mycotoxin problem with special emphasis on in vivo and in vitro efficacy of several of binding agents (activated carbons, hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate, bentonite, zeolites, and lactic acid bacteria) have also been reviewed. 相似文献