A stacked memory device on logic 3D technology for ultra-high-density data storage

We have demonstrated, for the first time, a novel three-dimensional (3D) memory chip architecture of stacked-memory-devices-on-logic (SMOL) achieving up to 95% of cell-area efficiency by directly building up memory devices on top of front-end CMOS devices. In order to realize the SMOL, a unique 3D Flash memory device and vertical integration structure have been successfully developed. The SMOL architecture has great potential to achieve tera-bit level memory density by stacking memory devices vertically and maximizing cell-area efficiency. Furthermore, various emerging devices could replace the 3D memory device to develop new 3D chip architectures.     

Delay of ignition in early direct-injected PCCI engine combustion using fuel-evaporative cooling and cooled EGR

In early direct-injected PCCI combustion, one of the several approaches to ideal PCCI, the early injected fuel forms a nearly homogeneous air-fuel charge, but most or all of the mixture ignites and burns during the compression stroke, which limits its application to light load operation range with lower-than-expected thermal efficiency. In the present research a unique split fuel injection technique was developed to delay the combustion of the entire fuel for mixing with air before burning. Evaporative cooling effects provided by the fuel in the second injection at precise timing held the self-ignition of the early injected fuel, and thus allowed the entire fuel to burn in PCCI mode at a favorable time in a cycle, namely a little after the top center. The single cylinder test engine run this way demonstrated the diesel-like efficiency along with an-order-of-magnitude lower NOx emissions than in conventional diesel combustion.     

Spark plasma sintering behavior of pure aluminum depending on various sintering temperatures

We have successfully fabricated high-density pure aluminum (Al) bulk by means of a spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) process. The relative density of Al was enhanced as the sintering temperature of the SPS process increased. During the SPS process for pure Al power, the Al oxide layer on the surface of the Al particle was partially broken by the microplasma and applied pressure. The microstructures of the spark-plasma-sintered compacts obtained at various temperatures were observed by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We believe that the pinning effect, rapid heating cycle, and applied pressure played an important role in restraining the particle growth despite the increase in sintering temperature. It is feasible that the employed SPS process could be very useful to achieve fully densified Al compact.     

An optimization of composite lattice cylinder using the approximate method

Recently, the approximate methods based on continuous models have been developed to perform structural analysis of composite lattice structures due to their relative simplicity and computational efficiency. This paper defines the modified effective stiffness considering the directionally dependent mechanical properties to an intersection of ribs and mode shape function of a composite lattice cylinder. It subsequently presents an approximate method based on the continuous model of conducting a buckling analysis of the composite lattice cylinder with various boundary conditions under uniform compression. This method considers the coupled buckling mode as well as the global and local buckling modes. The validity of the present method is verified by comparing the results of the finite element analysis. In addition, a parametric analysis is performed to investigate the effects of the design parameters on the critical load and buckling mode shape of the composite lattice cylinder based on the present method. Finally, we apply the present method to perform the optimization of a composite lattice cylinder for a high-speed vehicle to minimize the mass. Consequently, it is concluded that the present method is very suitable to optimization of composite lattice cylinders due to their relative simplicity and computational efficiency.     

A dual analyzer for real-time impedance and noise spectroscopy of nanoscale devices

This paper introduces a simple portable dual analyzer which allows real-time ac-impedance measurements and noise spectroscopic analysis simultaneously, employing one or two data acquisition systems together with a low noise current-to-voltage preamplifier. The input signal composed of numerous selected frequencies of sinusoidal voltages with a dc bias was applied to a device under the test (DUT): single walled carbon nanotube field effect transistors (SWCNT-FETs). Each frequency component, ranging from 1 to 46.4 kHz, was successfully mapped to a Nyquist plot using the background of the electrical noise power spectrum. It is, thus, clearly demonstrated that this dual analyzer enables the real-time ac-impedance analysis and the frequency response of the carrier transport in the SWCNT-FETs as a DUT.     

Droplet generation with integrated 3D pneumatic actuator for orifice control

A droplet generator with an embedded 3D balloon actuator around a flow-focusing junction is realized to adjust the size of the droplets as required with only one element. The 3D actuator encircling the orifice causes a geometric deformation due to pneumatic pressure, which controls the orifice and thus the sizes of the droplets. The orifice and actuator are designed to have triangular cross-sections with the largest possible reduction in hydraulic diameters under the same pneumatic pressure. We empirically demonstrated that, compared with typical fixed orifice structures, droplet generators with variable orifices reduce the droplet size without changing the flow rate and can even be adjusted to a wider range of 259.3 %. The devices were fabricated by the 3D-printed soluble mold technique to achieve a fully 3D structure within a single body of polydimethylsiloxane that is unattainable by conventional standard microfabrications as well as a non-bonding structure without any leakage.

     

大气气溶胶光学特性激光雷达探测

本文叙述了大气气溶胶探测激光雷达方程解和数据处理方法，给出了我们自行研制的L625和L300两台激光雷达系统的结构和主要技术参数，对平流层和对流层大气气溶胶光学特性的激光雷达探测结果进行了分析和讨论。     

The impact of lot-sizing in multiple product environments with congestion

We present a production planning model for a multiple product single machine dynamic lot-sizing problem with congestion. Using queuing models, we develop a set of functions to capture the nonlinear relationship between the output, lot sizes and available work in process inventory levels of all products in the system. We then embed these functions in a nonlinear optimization model with continuous variables, and construct an approximate solution to the original problem by rounding the resulting fractional solution. Computational experiments show that our model with congestion provides significantly better flow time and inventory performance than a benchmark model that does not consider the effects of congestion. These advantages arise from the use of multiple smaller lots in a period instead of a single large lot as suggested by conventional fixed-charge models without congestion.     

Relation between particulate emissions and exhaust smoke level in premixed charge compression ignition engine

For simplicity in measurement, the smoke level or opacity of the exhaust gas is often measured in diesel engine tests for the purpose of estimating the level of particulate emissions in the belief that smoke level is proportional to the particulate emissions. Existence of the correlation between these two has been well established in conventional diesel engines, but it is not clear yet whether the linear relationship stays in PCCI engines, which are known to emit significantly less NOx but more hydrocarbons than the conventional diesel engines. The objective of this study was to investigate the existence of the correlation between the smoke level and particulate mass in a directly fuel-injected PCCI engine with a DOC in the exhaust system. The smoke and PM are simultaneously measured before and after the DOC, while the single-cylinder diesel engine is operated in either diesel or PCCI combustion mode under various operation conditions. The study reveals that many more hydrocarbons and particulates are emitted in PCCI combustion than in the diesel combustion, and the strong correlation between the engine-out smoke level and particulate emissions in the diesel combustion does not exist in PCCI combustion. The correlation, however, comes back in the post-DOC measurements where most of SOF contained in PM is removed by the DOC.     

Acceleration techniques for cubic interpolation MIP volume rendering

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Maximum intensity projection (MIP) is a volume visualization technique that is important in modern medical imaging systems. We propose a method to accelerate...