Effect of post-mortem temperature on beef tenderness

Beef adductor muscles were incubated for 4 h post mortem at 10°C and for 4 h and 6 h post mortem at 30°C, 37°C and 42°C. Half of the muscles were cooked just after incubation and the other half was first stored for two days at 4°C and then cooked. Meat kept for 4 h or 6 h at 42°C and for 6 h at 37°C and cooked at once had a significantly (p<0·05) lower shear force than meat kept for 4 h at 37°C, 4 h at 30°C, 6 h at 30°C or 4 h at 10°C. The respective significant differences were also found when the meat was cooked two days after incubation. Organoleptic evaluation showed that meat incubated for 6 h at 37°C or for 4 h at 42°C was not significantly more tender than other samples. However, meat kept for 6 h at 42°C was more tender (p<0·5) than the other samples. After two days of storage, meat incubated for 6 h at 37°C and for 6 h at 42° was more tender (p<0·05) than meat kept for 6 h at 30°C. It was concluded that high temperature conditioning at 37°C or higher for 6 h (4 h at 42°C) just after slaughter makes meat more tender than conventional cooling systems.     

某型飞机主起落架轮毂探伤方法

1研究的现状与趋势起落架用来支撑飞机和便于飞机在地面运动,是飞机受力较大的部件,其工作的好坏,直接影响飞机的起飞、着陆性能和飞行安全。近年来,某型飞机主起落架轮毂在使用中多次发现裂纹,有的甚至是穿透性裂纹,造成重大安全隐患,严重威胁飞行安全。目前对该型轮毂尚无切实可行的检查手段。为保证飞行安全,急需一种可行、可靠、无需分解轮毂就可进行探伤的原位检测方法。2探伤方法研究2.1轮毂形状分析该型轮毂由镁合金制成。为了便于拆装轮胎,它分为主体和活动轮缘(两个半圆环)两部分。活动轮缘卡在主体的凸边上,用两个螺栓固定,因此不…     

Little effect of transfer technique instruction and physical fitness training in reducing low back pain among nurses: a cluster randomised intervention study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a transfer technique education programme (TT) alone or in combination with physical fitness training (TTPT) compared with a control group, who followed their usual routine. Eleven clinical hospital wards were cluster randomised to either intervention (six wards) or to control (five wards). The intervention cluster was individually randomised to TT (55 nurses) and TTPT (50 nurses), control (76 nurses). The transfer technique programme was a 4-d course of train-the-trainers to teach transfer technique to their colleagues. The physical training consisted of supervised physical fitness training 1 h twice per week for 8 weeks. Implementing transfer technique alone or in combination with physical fitness training among a hospital nursing staff did not, when compared to a control group, show any statistical differences according to self-reported low back pain (LBP), pain level, disability and sick leave at a 12-month follow-up. However, the individual randomised intervention subgroup (transfer technique/physical training) significantly improved the LBP-disability (p = 0.001). Although weakened by a high withdrawal rate, teaching transfer technique to nurses in a hospital setting needs to be thoroughly considered. Other priorities such as physical training may be taken into consideration. The current study supports the findings of other studies that introducing transfer technique alone has no effect in targeting LBP. However, physical training seems to have an influence in minimising the LBP consequences and may be important in the discussion of how to prevent LBP or the recurrence of LBP among nursing personnel.     

Musculoskeletal complaints among nurses related to patient handling tasks and psychosocial factors--based on logbook registrations

The aims were to evaluate the inter-method reliability of a registration sheet for patient handling tasks, to study the day-to-day variation of musculoskeletal complaints (MSC) and to examine whether patient handling tasks and psychosocial factors were associated with MSC.Nurses (n = 148) fulfilled logbooks for three consecutive working days followed by a day off. Low back pain (LBP), neck/shoulder pain (NSP), knee pain (KP), psychosocial factors (time pressure, stress, conscience of the quality of work) and patient transfers and care tasks were reported.The logbook was reliable for both transfer and care tasks. The numbers of nurses reporting MSC and the level of pain increased significantly during the three working days (15%-30% and 17%-37%, respectively) and decreased on the day off. Stress and transfer task were associated with LPB and transfer tasks were associated with KP.Our results confirm a relationship between work factors and MSC and indicate that logs could be one way to obtain a better understanding of the complex interaction of various nursing working conditions in relation to MSC.     

仪器仪表技术的新进展

人的生存和进步是靠发现与优化使用自然界的物质与能量。但是要想认识清楚,以便更多、更好地利用存在于客观世界的物质和能量并不简单。针对这个永恒的课题,人类必须不懈地寻找能反映客观世界各种事物及其特征的信息,否则人类就无法有效地生存;而取得信息的效率和利用信息的水平在相当程度上决定了人类认识能力和生存能力,这就是当今许多学者把信息同物质和能量综合在一起,并称之为现代社会的“三大支柱”的原因。作为信息源头的仪器仪表一直是人类认识世界的重要工具,在学科分类上属于“信息获取”的技术范畴,它与信息传输技术和信息处理技…     

一块碎瓷片·一世越窑情专访收藏、研究、创作并重的闻长庆先生

迎着朝阳，驶过杭州湾跨海大桥，抵达了朝思暮想的地方——浙江省慈溪市坎墩大道155号浙江中立古陶瓷博物馆。院落的大门左侧悬挂着一块书有“浙江省中立古陶瓷博物馆”的牌匾，环顾四周，绿树丛荫，格外静谧。耳闻博物馆拥有5吨左右的各窑瓷片，绝大多数越窑青瓷是在城区遗址工地填弃江河所得，其中不乏有“价值连城”的，虽说不能拥有完体，看看摸摸也便足矣了。     

浅议小城镇建设中给排水管道工程施工质量管理

文章从管道、管基、安装等角度对小城镇给排水施工质量进行了简介。     

Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement of VSC HVDC connected Offshore Wind Power Plants

To achieve active control of the AC voltage magnitude of wind power plant(WPP) collector network and improve the fault ride-through (FRT) capability,an FRT scheme based on feed forward DC voltage contr...     

Cooling causes changes in the distribution of lipoprotein lipase and milk fat globule membrane proteins between the skim milk and cream phase

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and free fatty acid levels were studied in freshly milked, uncooled milk from individual Danish Holstein or Jersey cows, or after storage for up to 24 h at either a cooling temperature (4°C) or at the milking temperature (31°C). Upon cooling for up to 24 h, LPL activity increased in the cream phase, whereas the activity in the skim milk was steady, as observed for Jersey cows, or increased, as seen for the Holsteins. Storage at 31°C decreased the LPL activity in both the cream phase and the skim milk phase. The increase in free fatty acid levels was found to depend on LPL activity, incubation temperature, substrate availability, and incubation time. Furthermore, the migration of milk proteins between the skim milk phase and the cream phase upon cooling of milk from Jersey cows or from Danish Holstein cows was studied using proteomic methods involving 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Proteins associated with the milk fat globules were isolated from all milk fractions and analyzed. Major changes in the distributions of proteins between the skim milk phase and the cream phase were observed after cooling at 4°C for 4 h, where a total of 29 proteins between the 2 breeds was found to change their association with the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) significantly. Among these, the MFGM proteins adipophilin, fatty acid-binding protein, and lactadherin, as well as the non-MFGM proteins β-casein, lactoferrin, and heat shock protein-71, were identified. Adipophilin, lactadherin, and lactoferrin were quantitatively more associated with the MFGM upon cold storage at 4°C, whereas β-casein, fatty acid-binding protein, and heat shock protein-71 were found to be less associated with the MFGM upon cold storage.