陶瓷易洁性及评价方法研究

清洗陶瓷制品使用洗涤剂不仅污染环境,还会影响人体健康。本文在陶瓷表面物理化学性能研究基础上,提出陶瓷易洁性概念并用易洁性指标评价陶瓷清洗的难易程度,建立了陶瓷易洁性评价的实验方法和判据。     

生态环境功能材料研究进展及复合型产业技术人才培养

本文介绍了生态环境功能材料的基本概念、研究内容、测试技术与标准化研究进展,以及生态环境功能材料复合型产业技术人才培养模式。分析了无机非金属矿物材料在生态环境功能材料领域的应用状况,提出微环境调控功能材料及制品将在二十一世纪具有广阔的应用前景。     

热处理对电气石矿物粉体表面自由能的影响

将电气石粉体在500～800℃焙烧处理,用表面张力仪测量热处理前后粉体对水、乙醇、30%乙二醇水溶液的接触角,并用Wu氏方程计算电气石粉体的表面自由能及组成.用X射线衍射仪、X光电子能谱仪等研究热处理影响电气石粉体表面自由能的机理.结果表明:随着热处理温度升高,电气石粉体的表面自由能及极性分量逐渐增加,且在800℃具有最大值;产生这种现象的原因在于随着热处理温度升高,电气石粉体表面铁元素逐渐从二价向三价转化,其晶胞体积逐渐缩小、电极性增加.     

均匀化退火对铝合金阳极活化性能的影响

通过添加适量的Ga,In,Sn,Bi,Pb,Mn等合金元素制备了活化性能优良的七元铝合金阳极;采用极化曲线测试并结合扫描电子显微镜分析技术,研究了均匀化退火对铝阳极活化性能的影响.结果表明:退火温度低于400℃时,晶体缺陷的大量减少是导致铝阳极活性变化的主导因素,铝阳极活性随退火温度提高而降低;退火温度高于400℃后,析出相大量固溶成为导致铝阳极活性变化的主导因素,铝阳极活化性能随退火温度提高而增强.整个退火过程中,晶体缺陷的变化对铝合金阳极活性改变影响最大.     

Effects of tourmaline on microstructures and photocatalytic activity of TiO2/SiO2 composite powders

The SiO2/TiO2 composite powders including mineral tourmaline powders （T/SiO2/TiO2） were prepared from a sol made by a two-step hydrolysis method, using metasilicate ester as precursor. The powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The photocatalytic activity of the sample was evaluated by the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The effects of heat-treatment on the photocatalytic activity were discussed. It is found that the T/SiO2/TiO2 composite powders show higher photocatalytic activity when including 10% SiO2 and 4% tourmaline. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of tourmaline on the powders was proposed.     

Effect of tourmaline additive on the crystal growth and activity of LaCoO3 for catalytic combustion of methane

LaCoO3/tourmaline was prepared as catalysts on the methane catalytic combustion. As additive tourmaline, its effect on crystal growth and catalytic activity of LaCoO3, were investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), H2-temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR) and catalyst evaluation techniques. SEM and TEM indicated that the spontaneous polarizability of tourmaline made LaCoO3 particles grow dispersedly on tourmaline, alleviated the agglomeration and exposed more reactive sites. It was a main influence leading to the improvement of catalysts activity, exposed via catalyst evaluation device. Among the different additive proportion of compound samples, the 2% tourmaline added LaCoO3 showed an obvious enhancement activity compared to non-tourmaline sample—the light-off temperature was 454 °C and CH4 reached the full conversion at 563 °C.     

Effect of far infrared radiation ceramics cont℃aining rare earth additives on surface tension of water

A kind of far infrared radiation ceramics was prepared by using silicate minerals, calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide as main raw materials, and cerium nitrate as additive. The structure of the ceramics and far infrared radiation properties on the surface tension of water were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and a tensiometer, respectively. It was showed that, after being sintered at 1160 °C, the solid solution was formed by CeO2 and Fe2O3, thus the crystal parameters(c/a axis ratio) and interplanar spacing of Fe2O3 increased. The addition of cerium was regarded to improve the far infrared radiation of ceramics, and the maximum emissivity value in the range of 5–20 μm was 0.94. The surface tension of water gradually decreased with increasing radiation time.     

热处理对铜锌阻垢合金性能的影响

为研究热处理温度对合金微观形貌、晶体结构和电化学性能的影响,对阻垢铜锌合金进行热处理,结合水质参数及水垢晶体结构的变化,优化阻垢合金的热处理条件,并利用X-射线衍射、金相显微镜、接触角测量、扫描电镜和电化学分析等多种测试手段表征材料结构及表面性能变化.结果表明,600℃热处理2h后,合金的表面自由能和极性分量分别比铸态时提高了33.4%和74.3%,600℃热处理能够有效地改善合金的阻垢效能.     

电气石远红外辐射对水表面张力的影响

用固液分置法排除电气石自发电场对水的影响,研究了极性晶体电气石辐射的远红外线对水表面张力的影响规律.结果表明:电气石辐射的远红外线作用于水分子产生共振,可削弱水分子间氢键作用,从而使水表面张力降低.室温时,当电气石粉体的中位粒径(D50)为4.0～6.5 μm时,随着电气石辐射远红外线对水作用时间延长,水的表面张力逐渐降低.D50为4.0 μm,电气石粉体与水的质量比[m(t)/m(w)]不低于0.5时,随着辐射时间的延长水表面张力明显降低.D50为6.5 μm,m(t)/m(w)为0.5时,水表面张力由初始值72.571 mN/m降为72.049 mN/m.     

锰基催化剂低温选择催化还原处理NOx的研究现状与展望

锰基催化剂具有较高的催化活性,且成本低,在选择性催化还原(SCR)尾气中的NO_x领域具有广阔应用前景。介绍了锰基低温SCR催化剂处理NO_x的最新进展。锰基催化剂可分为两类:锰氧化物催化剂和锰基掺杂过渡金属氧化物催化剂。针对锰氧化物催化剂,主要分析了锰的氧化价态、结晶形态、比表面积以及形态学对催化效果的影响;对于锰基掺杂过渡金属氧化物催化剂,重点分析了掺杂物对催化剂的催化能力、催化温度范围、N_2的选择性和抗SO_2、H_2O毒化能力的影响。最后在总结全文的基础上,展望了锰基催化剂的应用前景。