MGM(1,n)灰色模型在基坑变形监测中的应用

变形监测在基坑开挖工程中具有重要意义。对于不同的监测点,选取若干相关联的监测指标,采用MGM(1,n)模型进行综合预测,体现出监测值之间本身的内在联系,具有更高的准确性和可信性。通过联合周围建筑物沉降和相邻的测斜孔位移进行分析预测,取得了较好的效果。     

高饱和度土的一维连续方程及其固结分析

为了解决高饱和度土的连续性条件表述的复杂性并由此建立相应的固结方程,从质量守恒的角度,避免了非饱和土中气相体积难以确定的困难,建立了土体的一维连续方程。假设Terzaghi有效应力原理依然适用于高饱和度土,推导了一维固结方程。在Terzaghi一维固结的假设基础上,再假设固结过程中饱和度为常数,求解了解析解。然后分析了高饱和度土的固结特性。结果表明：1）高饱和度固结方程与Terzaghi的一维固结方程形式完全一致,但是固结系数不同;2）因初始瞬时变形,初期固结度与饱和土的差别较大,随后差值减小;当时间因子等于1时,高饱和度土的固结度与饱和土基本相同;3）高饱和度土的固结完成时间与相应饱和土相比较,要延长;饱和度越小,土体的压缩性越小,其固结完成时间比越大。     

Effective stress in soils under different saturation conditions

BISHOP’s effective stress or two state stress variables are unsatisfactory for unsaturated soils where one of fluid phases is discontinuous, so new expressions of effective stress should be founded. The approach for derivation was according to the principle of equilibrium of forces (i.e., the stress-sharing principle), and it was firstly validated by demonstrating TERZAGHI’s principle of effective stress. And then, the derivations were subdivided into four parts according to different pore air states: 1) air bubbles were spherical and suspended in pore water; 2) air bubbles were bound on soil skeleton; 3) air bubbles held almost the single section of pore; 4) air phase was continuous. The different formulae of effective stress were presented. Conclusions are drawn as follows: 1) For nearly-saturated soils, the “real” effective stress would be a little smaller than TERZAGHI’s effective stress; 2) For soils in which air phase is discontinuous in the form of bubbles, a new concept of pore air elastic pressure is put forward, and the total stress can be constituted by effective stress, pore water pressure and pore air elastic pressure; 3) For soils in which air phase is continuous, effective stress is equal to the value of the total stress plus suction; 4) Suction can be divided into two parts: one is the effect caused by additional pressure, and the other is the contract action by the “skin”.     

某深基坑工程监测与流变效应分析

通过对某软土地基深基坑工程监测资料的分析 ,尤其是详细考察了该基坑变形的过程 ,得出了一些变形的规律。用深层土体位移资料详细地分析了土体流变效应 ,经过曲线拟合 ,得到软土的流变率。这将对施工起到一定的指导作用 ,亦可作为对软土流变效应的研究提供参考。     

时序分析预报基坑周围建筑物沉降

时间序列分析是目前对动态数据处理的一种有效方法。它不要求考虑影响观测值的各种力学因素，而只分析这些观测数据的统计规律性。通过对时间序列统计规律性的分析，构造拟合出这些规律的最佳数学模型，并预报时间序列未来的可能数值，最后给出预报结果的精度分析犤１犦。时间序列分析的应用范围广泛涉及到自然界、社会界、工程界，涉及到众多的学科领域，并都取得了良好的效果。时间序列分析在岩土工程方面已有一些应用，但还不是很多。应用于位移预测时，由于位移序列无疑具有某种趋势性，因此对于趋势性的处理，基本上可以分成两类：一是…     

Analysis on effective stress formula and consolidation of gassy muddy clay

In order to found an applicable equation of consolidation for gassy muddy clay, an effective stress formula of gas-charged nearly-saturated soils was introduced. And then, a consolidation equation was derived. Subsequently, supposing soils were under tangential loading, the expressions of pore water pressure were presented. The analytic solution of pore water pressure was attempted to be validated by the measured values in a real embankment. The parameters in the expressions of pore water pressure were gotten by the method of trial. The result shows that the consolidation model is rational and the analytic solution of pore water pressure is correct. The following conclusions can be made： 1） the influence of bubbles on the compressibility of pore fluid should be considered; 2） the effective stress would be influenced by bubbles, and the consolidation would depend on the compressibility of soil skeleton： the softer the soils are, the more distinct the influence of bubbles is; for normal clay, the influence of bubbles on the effective stress may be commonly neglected.     

高饱和度土的一维连续方程及其固结分析

为了解决高饱和度土的连续性条件表述的复杂性并由此建立相应的固结方程,从质量守恒的角度,避免了非饱和土中气相体积难以确定的困难,建立了土体的一维连续方程。假设Terzaghi有效应力原理依然适用于高饱和度土,推导了一维固结方程。在Terzaghi一维固结的假设基础上,再假设固结过程中饱和度为常数,求解了解析解。然后分析了高饱和度土的固结特性。结果表明：1）高饱和度固结方程与Terzaghi的一维固结方程形式完全一致,但是固结系数不同;2）因初始瞬时变形,初期固结度与饱和土的差别较大,随后差值减小;当时间因子等于1时,高饱和度土的固结度与饱和土基本相同;3）高饱和度土的固结完成时间与相应饱和土相比较,要延长;饱和度越小,土体的压缩性越小,其固结完成时间比越大。     

时间序列分析方法预报基坑支撑轴力

介绍了自回归模型AR(n)的建立步骤。基坑轴力监测数据波动很大，但是模型预测结果平均误差只有3%左右，说明模型有很强的自适应性，同时证实时间序列分析法可应用于基坑支撑轴力监测数据分析和预报。应用该模型对现场观测数据进行分析，对模型参数进行估计及检验，并判断模型的正确性，在此基础上预报其变化趋势。结果证明，误差较大地方是由于施工的干扰造成的分析，从而可以判断出施工过程对支撑轴力的影响程度。     

气水孔隙混合流体的压缩性

为了得到适用于高饱和度土固结分析的孔隙混合流体的压缩性计算公式,采用孔隙水压力来表示混合流体的压缩系数.推导过程中,不考虑气泡在水中的溶解,按Laplace公式建立气泡压强与水压的关系.分析了单个气泡对压缩性的影响,并进行了一维固结压缩试验,对混合流体的压缩系数公式进行了验证.结果表明：饱和度、水压和孔隙气的分散度是影响孔隙流体压缩性的3个主要因素;饱和度越小,气泡半径越大,混合流体的压缩性越大;若初始饱和度相同,当水压达到较大值时,气泡初始半径大小对压缩系数影响很小.将试验数值与其他研究者的计算结果进行对比,证明了所推导的理论公式能较好地分析预测孔隙混合流体的压缩系数.