In the framework of the European research project PV2GO, a new AC-module inverter was developed, taking into account all relevant aspects from a European market's point of view (standards, market, application, and research and development goals). The project goal was to achieve the overall system costs of 3 Euro per Wp for a modular plug-and-play photovoltaic system. For the photovoltaic-module, a standard 130-Wp Eurosolare module was chosen. The research and development (R&D) goal was to develop an advanced DC-control system consisting of a state-of-the-art programmable digital device and an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) for the AC-control of the inverter. According to the topology concept, thermal and magnetic designs were optimized with regard to production technology and packaging for large-scale production. The new AC-modules were tested in a number of field-test sites in various parts of Europe and their reliability was assessed through Highly Accelerated Stress Tests. Efficiency and power quality have been tested in the laboratory. Further in the PV2GO project an optimization study of the manufacturing process of the new generation of AC-modules for high volume output was done. Another task was the pre-certification procedure to assure compliance with the European guidelines and standards. 相似文献
The learning of trust and distrust is a crucial aspect of social interaction among autonomous, mentally-opaque agents. In
this work, we address the learning of trust based on past observations and context information. We argue that from the truster’s
point of view trust is best expressed as one of several relations that exist between the agent to be trusted (trustee) and
the state of the environment. Besides attributes expressing trustworthiness, additional relations might describe commitments
made by the trustee with regard to the current situation, like: a seller offers a certain price for a specific product. We
show how to implement and learn context-sensitive trust using statistical relational learning in form of a Dirichlet process
mixture model called Infinite Hidden Relational Trust Model (IHRTM). The practicability and effectiveness of our approach is evaluated empirically on user-ratings gathered from eBay.
Our results suggest that (i) the inherent clustering achieved in the algorithm allows the truster to characterize the structure
of a trust-situation and provides meaningful trust assessments; (ii) utilizing the collaborative filtering effect associated
with relational data does improve trust assessment performance; (iii) by learning faster and transferring knowledge more effectively
we improve cold start performance and can cope better with dynamic behavior in open multiagent systems. The later is demonstrated
with interactions recorded from a strategic two-player negotiation scenario. 相似文献
We describe a multiscale finite element (FE) solver for elliptic or parabolic problems with highly oscillating coefficients. Based on recent developments of the so-called heterogeneous multiscale method (HMM), the algorithm relies on coupled macro- and microsolvers. The framework of the HMM allows to design a code whose structure follows the classical finite elements implementation at the macro level. To account for the fine scales of the problem, elementwise numerical integration is replaced by micro FE methods on sampling domains. We discuss a short and flexible FE implementation of the multiscale algorithm, which can accommodate simplicial or quadrilateral FE and various coupling conditions for the constrained micro simulations. Extensive numerical examples including three dimensional and time dependent problems are presented illustrating the efficiency and the versatility of the computational strategy. 相似文献
This study investigated the short-term effects of daily recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment from work and various actigraphical indicators of sleep quality, on near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Furthermore, the mediating effect of actigraphically assessed sleep quality on the relationship between impaired psychological detachment from work and near-accidents when commuting to work was analysed. Fifty-six full-time employees of a Swiss assurance company participated in the one-week study. Multilevel analyses revealed that impaired detachment was highly related to a decrease in sleep duration. Furthermore, impaired daily recovery processes, such as impaired psychological detachment from work and disturbed sleep quality, were related to commuting near-accidents. Impaired sleep quality mediated the effect of impaired psychological detachment from work on these near-accidents. Our results show that occupational safety interventions should address both impaired psychological detachment from work and sleep quality in order to prevent near accidents when commuting to work.
Practitioner Summary: Commuting accidents occur frequently and have detrimental effects on employees, organisations and society. This study shows that daily lack of recovery, that is, impaired psychological detachment and impaired sleep quality, is related to near-accidents when commuting to work the next morning. Primary prevention of commuting accidents should therefore address daily lack of recovery. 相似文献
The dielectric breakdown of thin (d = 3–4 nm) aluminium and tantalum oxide films was investigated by means of current voltage plots in metal/insulator/metal systems. Dielectric breakdown field strengths, EDB, of 0.6 GV m− 1 were found for both oxide types at room temperature. Differences appear in the temperature dependence of EDB. Tantalum oxide films show an unchanged breakdown behaviour for temperatures up to 420 K while aluminium oxide films lose already 80% of their EDB value in the same temperature range. Time-resolved investigations of the electric breakdown revealed intermediate states of both oxide types which were stable for several ms being characterized by an enhanced tunnel current. The breakdown voltage clearly scales with the oxide thickness for both oxide types. 相似文献
Surface Acoustic Waves on piezoelectric substrates can be used to investigate the dynamic conductivity of thin films in a non-contact and very sensitive way, especially at low conductivities. Here, we report on such surface acoustic wave studies to characterize thin manganite film like La0.67Ca0.33MnO3, exhibiting a Jan Teller effect with a strong electron phonon interaction and a metal insulator transition at high temperatures.
We report on the deposition of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 on piezoelectric substrates (LiNbO3 in different crystal cuts, employing a pulsed laser deposition technique. The structural quality of the thin films are examined by X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. For the electrical characterization, we employ the surface acoustic wave technique, accompanied by conventional direct current resistance measurements for comparison. 相似文献
A modified microwave-assisted polyol method was applied to prepare nanoparticulate ceramic powders of different oxides, i.e. Gd2O3, AlO(OH) (boehmite) and TiO2. Due to the good dielectric properties of the utilised solvents, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and 1,4 butanediol, a significant decrease in reaction time was achieved under microwave heating. In the case of AlO(OH) and Gd2O3, <5 nm primary particle size were obtained. Boehmite was found to be intercalated with the solvent. The general applicability of the process is shown and the advantages in terms of properties and processibility are described. The powders thus prepared were investigated using X-ray diffractometry, electron microscopy and physisorption. 相似文献
In glioblastoma, non-classical human leucocyte antigen E (HLA-E) and HLA-G are frequently overexpressed. HLA-E loaded with peptides derived from HLA class I and from HLA-G contributes to inhibition of natural killer (NK) cells with expression of the inhibitory receptor CD94/NKG2A. We investigated whether NK cells expressing the activating CD94/NKG2C receptor counterpart were able to exert anti-glioma effects. NKG2C+ subsets were preferentially expanded by a feeder cell line engineered to express an artificial disulfide-stabilized trimeric HLA-E ligand (HLA-E*spG). NK cells expanded by a feeder cell line, which facilitates outgrowth of conventional NKG2A+, and fresh NK cells, were included for comparison. Expansion via the HLA-E*spG feeder cells selectively increased the fraction of NKG2C+ NK cells, which displayed a higher frequency of KIR2DL2/L3/S2 and CD16 when compared to expanded NKG2A+ NK cells. NKG2C+ NK cells exhibited increased cytotoxicity against K562 and KIR:HLA-matched and -mismatched primary glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells when compared to NKG2A+ NK cells and corresponding fresh NK cells. Cytotoxic responses of NKG2C+ NK cells were even more pronounced when utilizing target cells engineered with HLA-E*spG. These findings support the notion that NKG2C+ NK cells have potential therapeutic value for treating gliomas. 相似文献