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1.
Due to the unique requirements of a series of projects to specify communications architectures using graphical representations (Cara and MFD), we have developed the communications-oriented rule-based language Carla (Cara Rule Language), which provides an executable specification of the architecture being developed. Carla is designed to provide the ability to specify and simulate high-level, possibly incomplete, specifications of communications architectures, and to allow the developer to refine the specification through the addition of behavior-describing rules. Carla is also well-suited to creating black-box specifications of any system whose behavior depends on input/output history. We describe the features of the language, discuss various design issues, and provide examples of various communications protocols specified in Carla. 相似文献
2.
Alistair I. Miller Sam Suppiah Romney B. Duffey 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(14-16):1657-1667
We show the massive reduction achievable, in both emissions and climate change impact, from enhanced nuclear energy use on the forecasts of future world energy use and its associated environmental impacts. A range encompassing the major scenarios for the World's energy demand have been analyzed using the latest version of the climate-modeling MAGICC/SCENGEN software (Version 4.1). We have updated and predicted the impacts of 80% substitution with CO2-free sources (likely predominantly nuclear) for coal-fired electricity (by 2030) and for transportation fuel (by 2040). For transportation, hydrogen produced by CO2-free sources would replace gasoline and diesel fuels. In this paper, to bracket the range of futures, we simply focus on two scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC), one (A1FI) that is energy-profligate and one (B2) that is energy-conserving.The results show that, interestingly, projected average global temperatures for all scenarios are fairly similar until about 2035 (a further rise beyond the 1990 average temperature of +0.75 ± 0.1 K) regardless of energy usage and its sources. However, by 2050, the different IPCC scenarios diverge markedly. Understandably, A1FI is projected to have noticeably stronger effects than B2 on average global temperatures (about 0.3 K more in 2050) but the effect is much stronger over land at mid and high latitudes (up to almost 1 K more). What is most striking is that the substitution of CO2-free sources gives projected average temperature rises in 2050 over key land areas (North America and China) that are very similar for the two energy-use scenarios—typically 1–1.5 K because A1FI's additional energy is predominantly supplied by nuclear. In contrast, projected rises with the unaltered cases are markedly different being about 2.5 K for A1FI and 1.5–2 K for B2. The projected changes in rainfall distribution show similar patterns, especially for the expected increases in higher latitudes.With the assumption of no additional policies for substitution of energy sources beyond 2040, temperature divergence between the two scenarios of relative energy profligacy or conservation grows in the latter half of the 21st century, even with substitution. However, the early substitution of nuclear energy and hydrogen appears to buy time and is not crucially dependent on severe, near-term curtailment of energy use. Near-term curtailment is too difficult to implement at a time of rapid industrialization of major emerging economies. Of course, proportionately larger deployments of CO2-free energy sources are needed for more energy-intensive scenarios.Nuclear power must dominate as the source of CO2-free energy since it is proven, dependable, available on a large scale, and economic. Social objections to nuclear energy in some countries and quarters are seen as well-meaning but misguided distractions from solving the energy and environmental crises that are now facing world sustainability. The time for real technical, social and political action is now. 相似文献
3.
A specific radioimmunoassay for platelet-activating factor (PAF) sensitive in the range 10–1000 pg (0.02–2 pmoles) has been
developed. Detailed quantitative hapten inhibition studies showed specificity for the acetyl group at C-2 of PAF, a requirement
for the ether linkage at C-1 and some tolerance for substituents on the choline nitrogen. No significant cross-reactivity
was found with phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine or with lysoPAF.
Based on a paper presented at the Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Alkyl
Ether Lipids, Tokyo, Japan, May 1989. 相似文献
4.
INTRODUCTION: Phacoemulsification and falls are both common in the elderly population. We present a case of acquired total aniridia and vitreous haemorrhage occurring as a result of trauma in a pseudophakic eye. METHODS: Interventional case report with history, clinical photograph and discussion with literature review. RESULTS: A previously healthy 74-year-old Caucasian female was referred with a painful left eye and poor vision following a fall and trauma to the left side of her face. Initial examination confirmed visual acuity of perception of light with total hyphaema and vitreous haemorrhage. Subsequent examination revealed complete aniridia with an intact capsular bag and well-centred posterior chamber intraocular lens and attached retina. Final visual acuity after treatment was 6/9. CONCLUSIONS: Blunt trauma may cause total iris disinsertion in and expulsion from pseudophakic eyes. This relatively novel injury may present increasingly commonly to casualty departments and ophthalmologists. 相似文献
5.
Henry D.I. Abarbanel Lev Korzinov Alistair I. Mees Igor M. Starobinets 《Systems & Control Letters》1997,31(5):820-276
Using optimal control techniques we derive and demonstrate the use of an explicit single-step control method for directing a nonlinear system to a target orbit and keeping it there. We require that control values remain near the uncontrolled settings. The full nonlinearity of the problem in state space variables is retained. The “one-step” of the control is typically a composition of known or learned maps over (a) the time required to learn the state, (b) the time to compute the control and (c) the time to apply the control. No special targeting is required, yet the time to control is quite rapid. Working with the dynamics of a well-studied nonlinear electrical circuit, we show how this method works efficiently and accurately in two situations: when the known circuit equations are used, and when control is performed only on a Poincaré section of the reconstructed phase space. In each case, because the control rule is known analytically, the control strategy is computationally efficient while retaining high accuracy. The target locations on the selected target trajectory at each control stage are determined dynamically by the initial conditions and the system dynamics, and the target trajectory is an approximation to an unstable periodic orbit of the uncontrolled system. A linear stability analysis shows that dissipation in the dynamical system is essential for reaching a controllable state. 相似文献
6.
Temporal message-flow diagrams (TMFDs), alternatively called sequence charts, interaction diagrams, event traces, or actor diagrams, are illustrations of a system's global message-passing activity over time, and a pictorial aid to understanding the system's behavior. They are widely used for requirements and documentation for network protocols and object-oriented applications. We present a general formalism for TMFDs, describe a suite of tools we have designed that employs this formalism, and present our experiences with these tools. The formalism and tools described serve to support and broaden the use of TMFDs in developing communicating systems. 相似文献
7.
8.
Shilton A Lai DT Santhiranayagam BK Palaniswami M 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2012,42(3):950-955
This note presents an analysis of the octonionic form of the division algebraic support vector regressor (SVR) first introduced by Shilton A detailed derivation of the dual form is given, and three conditions under which it is analogous to the quaternionic case are exhibited. It is shown that, in the general case of an octonionic-valued feature map, the usual "kernel trick" breaks down. The cause of this (and its interpretation) is discussed in some detail, along with potential ways of extending kernel methods to take advantage of the distinct features present in the general case. Finally, the octonionic SVR is applied to an example gait analysis problem, and its performance is compared to that of the least squares SVR, the Clifford SVR, and the multidimensional SVR. 相似文献
9.
Kenta H.T. Cho Mhoyra Fraser Bing Xu Justin M. Dean Alistair J. Gunn Laura Bennet 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(12)
Background: Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists are key immunomodulatory factors that can markedly ameliorate or exacerbate hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. We recently demonstrated that central infusion of the TLR7 agonist Gardiquimod (GDQ) following asphyxia was highly neuroprotective after 3 days but not 7 days of recovery. We hypothesize that this apparent transient neuroprotection is associated with modulation of seizure-genic processes and hemodynamic control. Methods: Fetuses received sham asphyxia or asphyxia induced by umbilical cord occlusion (20.9 ± 0.5 min) and were monitored continuously for 7 days. GDQ 3.34 mg or vehicle were infused intracerebroventricularly from 1 to 4 h after asphyxia. Results: GDQ infusion was associated with sustained moderate hypertension that resolved after 72 h recovery. Electrophysiologically, GDQ infusion was associated with reduced number and burden of postasphyxial seizures in the first 18 h of recovery (p < 0.05). Subsequently, GDQ was associated with induction of slow rhythmic epileptiform discharges (EDs) from 72 to 96 h of recovery (p < 0.05 vs asphyxia + vehicle). The total burden of EDs was associated with reduced numbers of neurons in the caudate nucleus (r2 = 0.61, p < 0.05) and CA1/2 hippocampal region (r2 = 0.66, p < 0.05). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that TLR7 activation by GDQ modulated blood pressure and suppressed seizures in the early phase of postasphyxial recovery, with subsequent prolonged induction of epileptiform activity. Speculatively, this may reflect delayed loss of early protection or contribute to differential neuronal survival in subcortical regions. 相似文献
10.
Geoff E. Fair Ming Y. He Robert M. McMeeking F. F. Lange 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2005,88(7):1879-1885
Finite element modeling and linear elastic fracture mechanics are used to model the residual stresses and failure stress of ceramic composites consisting of polyhedral alumina cores surrounded by thin alumina/mullite layers in residual compression. This type of composite architecture is expected to exhibit isotropic threshold strength behavior, in which the strength of the composite for a particular assumed flaw will be constant and independent of the orientation of tensile loading. The results of the modeling indicate that the strengths of such architectures will be higher than those of laminates of similar architectural dimensions that were previously found to exhibit threshold strength behavior for a particular flaw type. Flexural testing of the polyhedral architectures reveals that failure is dominated by processing defects found at junctions between the polyhedra. Fractography revealed the interaction of these defects with the residual stresses in the compressive layers that separate the polyhedra. 相似文献