Figge艺术博物馆

Figge艺术博物馆前身为达文波特艺术博物馆此次择址新建对历史悠久的达文波特市的城区改造起到了巨大的推动作用。     

Family history of problem drinking among young male social drinkers: Modeling effects on alcohol consumption.

This research tested the effect of social drinking models on the drinking behavior of 19- to 21-year-old subjects with (FH+) and without (FH-) family histories of problem drinking. The project involved 50 subjects (24 FH+ and 26 FH-) whose drinking habits did not differ. Measures of alcohol intake and the resulting blood alcohol concentration each indicated an interaction between FH and model treatment. The drinking by FH+ subjects changed significantly to conform with the model. Similar but nonsignificant model effects were displayed by FH- subjects. The evidence suggests that social drinking models may have a particularly salient influence on the drinking behavior of FH+ individuals. Because modeling effects have not previously been explored in relation to family history of problem drinking, the present study identifies a promising direction for research on the etiology of alcohol abuse and the development of prevention programs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Primary- and secondary-control strategies in later life: Predicting hospital outcomes in men and women.

Community-dwelling individuals (n = 143, 73-98 years old) were assessed to consider if their use of task-specific control strategies predicted hospital outcomes in the subsequent 2 years. The authors were interested in whether men and women facing health-induced task restrictions benefited equally from the use of primary- and secondary-control strategies. Gender interacted with primary-control strategies; men's more frequent use of these proactive strategies generally related to fewer hospital admissions. Gender also interacted with secondary-control strategies; women's more frequent use of compensatory (self-protective) strategies corresponded to fewer hospital admissions and shorter hospital stay durations. Taken together, our findings suggest that men benefit by adopting certain primary-control strategies and women benefit by adopting certain compensatory secondary-control strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Detection and toughness characterisation of ductile crack initiation in 316 stainless steels

Tests on SEN bend specimens of cold worked 316 stainless steels have enabled values of the crack opening displacement at fibrous crack initiation, _v, to be compared with initiation toughness values implied by various crack monitoring techniques and methods of assessing crack tip ductility. The estimation methods available for obtaining values of the J contour integral from a load/displacement curve have been utilised and compared and have enabled relationships between J _Q, ₁ and specimen geometry to be investigated for the test materials. The results indicate that the sensitivity of the crack monitoring techniques to the detection of initiation is not only dependent on experimentation but also on the rate at which ductile crack growth proceeds following initiation. The interrelation between sensitivity, crack growth rate and toughness is discussed.

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Résumé Des essais sur des éprouvettes de flexion à entailles latérales simples en acier inoxydable 316 écroui ont permis d'établir les valeurs du COD lors de l'amorçage de fissure fibreuse, ces valeurs étant comparées avec les valeurs de la ténacité à l'amorçage déduites de diverses techniques de détection de fissuration ainsi que de méthodes pour établir la ductilité à fond d'entaille. On a utilisé les méthodes approximatives qui sont disponibles pour obtenir les valeur de l'intégrale de contour J à partir d'une courbe charge-déplacement; on a comparé et établi des relations entre J _Q, le COD et la géométrie de l'éprouvette utilisée pour les matériaux d'essai. Les résultats montrent que la sensibilité des techniques de détection d'une fissure et plus particulièrement de son initiation ne dépend pas seulement des conditions expérimentales mais également de la vitesse à laquelle la croissance de la fissure se produit après l'initiation. On discute les relations entre la sensibilité, la vitesse de croissance de la fissure et la ténacité.

     

Control striving in older adults with serious health problems: A 9-year longitudinal study of survival, health, and well-being.

The present longitudinal study of 143 older adults (73–98 years) with serious health problems (arthritis, heart disease, heart attack, stroke) examined the effects of goal engagement, disengagement, and self-protection control strategies on self-rated physical health (condition severity, functional status) and subjective well-being (life satisfaction) at 5 years and survival at 9 years. Main effects and interactions between strategy use and the occurrence of an acute vascular event (no, yes) as well as age (young-old vs. old-old) were assessed. As hypothesized, goal engagement predicted greater survival for individuals with acute conditions but poorer physical health for those with chronic conditions and among old-old adults. In contrast, goal disengagement predicted poorer physical health for those with acute conditions but better health for individuals with chronic conditions and old-old adults. Self-protective strategies (positive reappraisal) predicted greater survival, health, and subjective well-being for those with acute conditions, as well as better physical health for old-old adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiobjective gas turbine engine controller design using geneticalgorithms

This paper describes the use of multiobjective genetic algorithms (MOGAs) in the design of a multivariable control system for a gas turbine engine. The mechanisms employed to facilitate multiobjective search with the genetic algorithm are described with the aid of an example. It is shown that the MOGA confers a number of advantages over conventional multiobjective optimization methods by evolving a family of Pareto-optimal solutions rather than a single solution estimate. This allows the engineer to examine the trade-offs between the different design objectives and configurations during the course of an optimization. In addition, the paper demonstrates how the genetic algorithm can be used to search in both controller structure and parameter space thereby offering a potentially more general approach to optimization in controller design than traditional numerical methods. While the example in the paper deals with control system design, the approach described can be expected to be applicable to more general problems in the fields of computer aided design (CAD) and computer aided engineering (CAE)     

An evaluation of wind energy potential at Kati Bandar,Pakistan

As a developing nation of energy-starved people, Pakistan urgently needs new sources of affordable, clean energy. Wind energy is potentially attractive because of its low environmental impact and sustainability. This work aims to investigate the wind power production potential of sites in south-eastern Pakistan. Wind speed data measured over a one-year period at a typical site on the south-east coast of Pakistan are presented. Frequency distributions of wind speed and wind power densities at three heights, seasonal variations of speed, and estimates of power likely to be produced by commercial turbines are included. The site investigated is found to be a class 4 wind power site with annual average wind speed of 7.16 m/s and power density of 414 W/m² at 50 m height. The site is, therefore, likely to be suitable for wind farms as well as small, stand-alone systems.     

Prediction of instability in ductile senb fracture toughness specimens

An approximate flow stress model is proposed as a possible explanation of the variability observed for maximum load values of crack opening displacement (COD) and pseudo J integral measurements in small specimens of fully ductile material. The model presented is limited to test pieces which exhibit ductile crack initiation after general yielding and more accurately describes low work hardening materials. However, the predictions of the dependency of such toughness parameters on specimen size are shown to be consistent with documented data.

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Résumé On propose un modèle approché d'écoulement de contraintes pour expliquer les variations observées pour la charge maximum lors de mesures du COD et de la pseudo-intégrale J dans des petites éprouvettes de matériau complètement ductile. Le modéle proposé est limité à des pièces d'essai qui présentent un amorçage de fissure ductile après plastification complète, et décrit plus précisément les matériaux dont l'écrouissage est faible. Cependant, on montre que la dépendance de ces paramètres de ténacité avec la dimension des éprouvettes peut être prédite en conformité avec les données expérimentales.

     

Emotional and self-evaluative effects of social comparison information in later life: How are they moderated by collective self-esteem?

This study examined how the emotional and self-evaluative effects of social comparison in 162 community-dwelling older people were moderated by individual differences in their collective self-esteem (CSE), a trait that reflects valuing and identifying with reference groups. In our experimental simulation, administered 6 years after participants' CSE was measured, those with higher CSE reported significantly more positive emotions and self-evaluations only after downward comparison (i.e., with a worse-off peer), and significantly more negative emotions only after upward comparison (i.e., with a better-off peer). These findings contradict the possibility that an adaptive advantage of high CSE might result from the propensity to identify strategically with upward comparison targets. However, contrast with downward targets presents a viable alternative explanation for this advantage. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Fuzzy scheduling control of a gas turbine aero-engine: amultiobjective approach

This paper investigates the use of a nonconventional approach to control a gas turbine aero-engine. The rationale behind this study is the need to develop advanced tools and techniques that can assist in improving the performance of the system and simultaneously enhance the flexibility of the control strategy. Modern techniques are required for many complex systems where increasingly strict performance and regulatory requirements must be achieved. This is particularly true of aerospace systems where consideration of safety, reliability, maintainability, and environmental impact are all necessary as part of the control requirements. This paper investigates a combination of two such potential techniques: fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms. Emerging from new requirements for gas turbine aero-engine control, a flexible gain scheduler is developed and analyzed. A hierarchical multiobjective genetic algorithm is employed to search and optimize the potential solutions for a wide envelope controller covering idle, cruise, and full-power conditions. The overall strategy is demonstrated to be a straightforward and feasible method of refining the control system performance and increasing its flexibility