Revisiting the need for formal education in visualization.

Defining visualization education is still a work in progress. Visualization education is not just a subject within computer science. Computer scientists are not always the appropriate choice to teach visualization courses on their own. Visualization is not just mastering a set of concepts but acquiring skills. Student should learn by doing, either using one tool or a variety of tools, depending on the course's focus.     

Challenges in the human genome project

The purpose and scope of the human genome project are discussed. Basic biological concepts underlying the project are reviewed. The two processes-logic and experimentation-used to understand DNA sequences are compared, and the process of obtaining the sequence is described. Two problem areas in this collaboration between biologists and computer scientists are examined. They arise from differences in training that can make communication difficult, and nomenclature problems     

Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence.

Longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,978 Black and White adolescents were used to examine the role of personality in multiple risk or problem behaviors. Results indicate that covariation among diverse behaviors (educational underachievement, delinquent behavior, substance use, sexual behavior) can be adequately modeled by a single higher order factor, and that impulsivity and avoidance coping serve as generalized risk factors for involvement in these behaviors. Whereas none of the personality variables examined explained change in problem behaviors once established, avoidance coping prospectively predicted involvement among a subgroup of adolescents with little or no prior involvement. Results suggest that dysfunctional styles of regulating emotions and emotionally driven behaviors are core features of risky or problem behaviors during adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alliance and Dropout in Family Therapy for Adolescents With Behavior Problems: Individual and Systemic Effects.

This study examined the relationship between alliance and retention in family therapy. Alliance was examined at the individual (parent and adolescent) and family levels (within-family differences). Participants were 34 families who received functional family therapy for the treatment of adolescent (aged 12-18 years) behavior problems. Families were classified as treatment dropouts (n=14) or completers (n=20). Videotapes of the first sessions were rated to identify parent and adolescent alliances with the therapist. Results demonstrated that individual parent and adolescent alliances did not predict retention. However, as hypothesized, dropout cases had significantly higher unbalanced alliances (parent minus adolescent) than did completer cases. These findings highlight the importance of alliances in functional family therapy and suggest that how the alliance operates in conjoint family therapy may be a function of systemic rather than of individual processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

衣橱里的烟装小礼服

伊夫圣罗兰（Yves Saint Laurent）曾为永不褪流行的烟装小礼服下过如下注解：流行来来去去，但只有时尚长存不朽；烟装小礼服，是一种时尚，而不是一时的流行。所以，见证着永不逝去的流行经典的烟装小礼服，既是每个男人也是每个女人一定要拥有的服装。[编者按]     

Limitations and benefits of cooperative proxy caching

Cooperating proxy caches are groups of HTTP proxy servers that organize to share cached objects. This paper develops analytical models for proxy cooperation which use speedup in user response time as the performance metric. Speedup expressions are derived for the cooperation upper bound, a proxy mesh, and a three-level proxy hierarchy. The equations compare fundamental design approaches by separating the proxy organization for object delivery from the mechanism for object discovery. Discovery mechanisms analyzed for the mesh and hierarchy models include ideal discovery, Internet cache protocol (ICP) query, and distributed metadata directories. Equations are evaluated using parameter estimates from experiments and from analysis of cache trace logs. Results indicate that proxy cooperation is marginally viable from the standpoint of average user response time, and that the miss penalty for the hierarchy renders it less viable than the mesh. Proxy cooperation can, however, reduce the variability in user response time and the number of long delays. A trace-driven simulation shows that caching constraints have little effect on cooperation performance due to request filtering by lower level caches.     

"The association between emotional upset and cardiac arrhythmia during daily life": Correction to Carels et al. (2003).

Reports an error in the original article by R. A. Carels et al (Journal of Consulting & Clinical Psychology, 2003[Jun], Vol 71[3], 613-618). On page 615, Lines 18, 20, 22, of Table 1, the data in the rows that read "Tachycardia in min per hr," "Repetitive PVCs per hr," and "PVCs per hr" are incorrectly reported in the n and % columns. They should have been reported in the M and SD columns. The corrected table is provided. (The following abstract of this article originally appeared in record 2003-00756-023.) Ventricular arrhythmia exhibits considerable within-subject variability that cannot be attributed to clinical status alone. This investigation examined the extent to which cardiac arrhythmia was associated with psychological and physical factors assessed during the hour preceding arrhythmic or nonarrhythmic activity. Approximately twice hourly, 46 patients randomly completed a diary assessing mood and physical symptoms during 24-hr electrocardiographic monitoring. Greater negative emotion was associated with increased arrhythmia. Additionally, greater negative emotion was significantly associated with increased arrhythmia among participants in a low left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF). However, this relationship between negative emotion and arrhythmia was not... (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)