From linear temporal logic and limit-deterministic Büchi automata to deterministic parity automata

Controller synthesis for general linear temporal logic (LTL) objectives is a challenging task. The standard approach involves translating the LTL objective into a deterministic parity automaton (DPA) by means of the Safra-Piterman construction. One of the challenges is the size of the DPA, which often grows very fast in practice, and can reach double exponential size in the length of the LTL formula. In this paper, we describe a single exponential translation from limit-deterministic Büchi automata (LDBA) to DPA and show that it can be concatenated with a recent efficient translations from LTL to LDBA to yield a double exponential, ‘Safraless’ LTL-to-DPA construction. We also report on an implementation and a comparison with other LTL-to-DPA translations on several sets of formulas from the literature.

     

Segmentbrücke aus textilbewehrtem Beton: Konstruktion,Fertigung, numerische Berechnung

Segmental Textile Reinrorced Concrete Bridge Design, Manufacturing and Numerical Simulation Concrete provides a brought variety of construction and design possibilities. The low tensile capacity of concrete is taken by reinforcement of steel, short fibres or textile fabrics. Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) is a high performance composite in which technical textiles made of high performance fibers are embedded in a fine‐grained concrete matrix. Because of the corrosion resistance of the textile materials, thick concrete covers as known in ordinary reinforced concrete are no longer needed. Slender new concrete elements extend concrete application to completely new fields and gives architects and engineers more design possibilities. Design, reinforcement concept, production, approval tests, and numerical simulations considering uncertain data are demonstrated for the first bridge made of textile reinforced concrete. It is shown that application of this new, sophisticated composite material is already possible, although more research is needed.     

Tragwerke aus Textilbeton – Berechnungsmodelle,Anwendungen

Textile concrete structures – computational models and applications. Structures with reinforcement consisting of textile fabrics are innovative developments in civil engineering. The textile reinforcement embedded in finegrained concrete can be applied for new constructions or supplementary strengthenings. Computational models and applications of textile concrete structures are presented in the paper, which are produced in the Collaborative Research Centre 528. The generalized treatment of uncertain datas is especially pointed out, because data uncertainty influences the structural responses significantly.     

Recurrent Neural Networks for Uncertain Time‐Dependent Structural Behavior

Abstract: In this article, an approach is introduced which permits the numerical prediction of future structural responses in dependency of uncertain load processes and environmental influences. The approach is based on recurrent neural networks trained by time‐dependent measurement results. Thereby, the uncertainty of the measurement results is modeled as fuzzy processes which are considered within the recurrent neural network approach. An efficient solution for network training and prediction is developed utilizing α‐cuts and interval arithmetic. The capability of the approach is demonstrated by means of the prediction of the long‐term structural behavior of a reinforced concrete plate strengthened by a textile reinforced concrete layer.     

Prediction of time-dependent structural behaviour with recurrent neural networks for fuzzy data

In the paper, an approach is described which permits the numerical, model-free prediction of uncertain time-dependent structural responses. Uncertain time-dependent structural actions and responses are modelled by means of fuzzy processes. The prediction approach is based on recurrent neural networks for fuzzy data trained by time-dependent results of measurements or numerical analyses. An efficient solution for network training and prediction is developed utilizing α-cuts and fuzzy arithmetic. The approach is verified using a fractional rheological model. The capability of the approach is demonstrated by predicting the long-term structural behaviour of reinforced concrete plates strengthened by textile reinforced concrete layers.     

Position and Length of Fatty Acids Strongly Affect Receptor Selectivity Pattern of Human Pancreatic Polypeptide Analogues

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) is a satiety‐inducing gut hormone targeting predominantly the Y₄ receptor within the neuropeptide Y multiligand/multireceptor family. Palmitoylated PP‐based ligands have already been reported to exert prolonged satiety‐inducing effects in animal models. Here, we suggest that other lipidation sites and different fatty acid chain lengths may affect receptor selectivity and metabolic stability. Activity tests revealed significantly enhanced potency of long fatty acid conjugates on all four Y receptors with a preference of position 22 over 30 at Y₁, Y₂ and Y₅ receptors. Improved Y receptor selectivity was observed for two short fatty acid analogues. Moreover, [K³⁰(E‐Prop)]hPP_2?36 ( 15 ) displayed enhanced stability in blood plasma and liver homogenates. Thus, short chain lipidation of hPP at key residue 30 is a promising approach for anti‐obesity therapy because of maintained selectivity and a sixfold increased plasma half‐life.     

Analysis of textile-reinforced concrete structures under consideration of non-traditional uncertainty models

This article is a contribution towards the innovative development and practical application of structures reinforced by means of textile fabrics. Textile reinforcement embedded in fine-grained concrete not only finds application in new structures but may also be used for the additional strengthening of existing steel-reinforced concrete (RC) structures.

The article focuses on a FE-model suitable for folded-plate structures. This so-called multi-reference-plane model (MRM) is capable of describing the structural behavior of RC structures strengthened by textile-reinforced concrete (TRC) layers, because those are characterized by a multi-Kirchhoff kinematics. New TRC structures may also be analyzed with the aid of the MRM as structures with one reference plane only.

Experimental and numerical investigations demonstrate that structural responses of TRC structures are highly dependent on the spatial and temporal variation of the uncertain material and geometric data. For this reason the present paper concentrates on the generalized uncertainty modeling of material and geometric parameters with the aid of fuzzy and fuzzy random functions. The uncertainty models and the MRM are combined in the framework of the fuzzy stochastic finite element method (FSFEM). The introduced models are applied to three examples.     

Practical synthesis of reactive systems from LTL specifications via parity games

Acta Informatica - The synthesis of reactive systems from linear temporal logic (LTL) specifications is an important aspect in the design of reliable software and hardware. We present our adaption...