Band-aid or Panacea? The Role of Private Rental Support Programs in Addressing Access Problems in the Australian Housing Market

Australia has a significant private rental market with over a quarter of households renting their home from a private landlord. Many of these households are on low incomes and receive assistance from private rental support programs provided by each Australian state and territory. In spite of these large numbers, little is known about the effectiveness of policy initiatives to assist low-income private renters. Limited knowledge of the private rental support programs stands in stark contrast to the detailed research on programs established to address homelessness and problems within the public housing sector. This paper addresses this lacuna by reporting on the suite of initiatives currently funded by state governments to assist low-income households (for example, bond loans and rental deposits, advice and help with removal expenses). Based on a comprehensive study of Private Rental Support Programs (PRSPs) commissioned by the Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, it is argued that though policies to assist vulnerable tenants are acknowledged as a success by practitioners and clients, their effectiveness as a policy instrument is undermined by wider structural changes in the housing market. The paper concludes that the stress faced by many vulnerable households is likely to intensify over the coming years thereby compounding the pressure on state Housing Authorities to provide more comprehensive packages of support that extend beyond just a ‘one-off’ form of assistance.     

SUMMARY OF RECENT RESEARCH ON GROWTH RATE DISPERSION OF CONTACT NUCLEI

Recent contact nucleation studies are reviewed. The importance of the phenomenon of growth rate dispersion determining the crystal size distribution is discussed. Directions for future work are suggested.     

FRUIT BRANDY PRODUCTION BY BATCH COLUMN DISTILLATION WITH REFLUX

The relationship between the operating parameters of batch fruit spirits column stills with reflux and the congener (trace compounds that provide flavors and aromas) concentrations in resulting fruit spirits has not been widely studied. Congener concentrations were determined in three different collection fractions, or “cuts,” during batch distillation. Acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate were found in higher concentrations in the head cut, first overhead fraction, of the distillation and have lower boiling points relative to ethanol. 1‐Propanol and isoamyl alcohol (isopentanol) were present in higher concentrations in the tail cut, third or final fraction, of the distillation and have boiling points that are higher than ethanol. Methanol has a unique concentration profile as it has higher concentrations in both the head and tail cuts, but a lower concentration in the heart cut, the middle fraction which is the desired product of the distillation. Methanol was of particular interest because the distillate must adhere to governmental regulations that limit its concentration in the product. Operating‐condition parameters that were studied include the number of trays used in the distillation as well as the use of a “catalytic converter,” a high surface, copper‐packing material thought to catalyze formation of cyanide‐containing compounds allowing them to be separated from the distillate. The effect of the number of trays used in a distillation on the concentration of ethanol and the congeners, methanol, acetaldehyde, ethyl acetate, 1‐propanol and isoamyl alcohol in the final distilled spirits product is presented. An additional result of acetaldehyde production at the copper surface of the catalytic converter was also discovered in the analysis of the data.     

南通万通城二期202样板房

<正>该获奖项目的名称为"The Ribbon",有如"Dance of the Ribbon"一般,开敞的空间尺度,整体空间以白色为主轴,利用家具置入的概念,塑造一种与空间连接的关系,最特别的是墙与柜的关系,     

URBAN LAND USE AND SUPERFUND CLEANUPS

ABSTRACT: The federal Superfund program to clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances has been long criticized for the high costs that it imposes on urban governments and other parties responsible for site cleanups. To address this and other perceived shortcomings of the program, legislators in Congress have proposed changes to the Superfund statute that would tie cleanup at a Superfund site to the site's expected future land use. Such changes could lead to more efficient cleanups, promote economic development, and improve local public involvement in cleanup activities. Based on a case study of a Superfund site in the Boston metropolitan area and other work, we argue in this article that such laudable goals are complicated by the difficulty of combining cleanup and redevelopment objectives, the problem of ensuring representative public involvement, and the ambiguous legal and regulatory responsibilities of institutions charged with long-term management of hazardous substances left on site.