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排序方式: 共有81条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
M Kester RJ Nowinski H Holth?fer PA Marsden MJ Dunn 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,46(5):1404-1412
Platelet-activating factor synthesis in two transformed lines of glomerular endothelial cells was characterized and contrasted with platelet-activating factor production in macrovascular-derived endothelial cells as well as with glomerular cells of mesenchymal origin. Platelet-activating factor synthesis was assessed in intact cells and in cell-free preparations. Glomerular endothelial cells constitutively synthesize bio-active alkyl-PAF, and this basal activity can be chronically augmented by various inflammatory and thrombotic agents. In contrast, thrombin-mediated platelet-activating factor formation in bovine pulmonary aortic endothelial cells as well as in glomerular mesangial cells is acute and transient. The potential role of anti-inflammatory prostanoids to function as negative feedback modulators of thrombin- or endothelin-mediated platelet-activating factor synthesis was also investigated, as the synthesis of platelet-activating factor is often associated with the formation of these prostanoids. Indomethacin augmented receptor-mediated platelet-activating factor synthesis while prostanoids of the E and I series reduced agonist-stimulated PAF synthesis. In summary, the unique capacity of glomerular endothelial cells to respond to inflammatory stimuli with sustained platelet-activating factor synthesis is a clear indication of this cell's pivotal role in augmenting the inflammatory response in the limited environment of the glomerulus. 相似文献
2.
Antti Oulasvirta Tye Rattenbury Lingyi Ma Eeva Raita 《Personal and Ubiquitous Computing》2012,16(1):105-114
Examining several sources of data on smartphone use, this paper presents evidence for the popular conjecture that mobile devices
are “habit-forming.” The form of habits we identified is called a checking habit: brief, repetitive inspection of dynamic content quickly accessible on the device. We describe findings on kinds and frequencies
of checking behaviors in three studies. We found that checking habits occasionally spur users to do other things with the
device and may increase usage overall. Data from a controlled field experiment show that checking behaviors emerge and are
reinforced by informational “rewards” that are very quickly accessible. Qualitative data suggest that although repetitive
habitual use is frequent, it is experienced more as an annoyance than an addiction. We conclude that supporting habit-formation
is an opportunity for making smartphones more “personal” and “pervasive.” 相似文献
3.
Kester Bruce E. Gilliland J. L. Fritts Stewart S. Bell Zeb G. Smith Hubert Berby Richard H. 《Industry Applications, IEEE Transactions on》1972,(1):8-18
MAN is but a part of the universe; his capabilities make him a significant link, in the cycle of life. To ensure this life, man must live in harmony with his environment. Recently, a disharmony has been discovered which could have grave effects upon the existence of man. It appears that man in his great thrust forward is destroying his own environment. The gravity of this threat to man's own existence carries some intrinsic problems of its own: man must allow his reason rather than his emotion to take command. 相似文献
4.
An electron gun, which can be switched from immersed flow to Brillouin flow during operation, may have advantages for charge breeders as well as for electron beam ion sources and traps (EBISTs). For EBISTs this allows to change the current density according to the repetition frequency and charge state, for charge breeders and EBISTs a lower current density in immersed flow provides higher acceptance for injected ions, while the higher current density in Brillouin flow results in shorter breeding times and a lower emittance for the extracted beam. Therefore, we have designed such a gun for an EBIS with 5 T central magnetic field and without the use of iron and moving the gun. The gun was placed in the axial fringing field of the 5 T solenoid in such a position that a gate valve can be placed between the gun and the cryostat to allow for simple maintenance. The field at the cathode surface turned out to be only 0.05 T, which is not enough to focus 50 A∕cm(2) at a few kV. However, if a small normal conducting solenoid is placed over the vacuum tube in position of the gun, a field of 0.1 T may be obtained. With this the use of LaB(6) as cathode material results in a magnetic compression of 44 and therewith in a focused current density in the trap region of more than 2000 A∕cm(2). By reversing the current in the gun solenoid the cathode field can easily compensated to zero. By proper design of the electrodes and the compression region, the gun will be able to deliver a beam in Brillouin flow. While this is interesting by itself--remember the "super-compression" reported on CRYEBIS-I--any magnetic field between zero and the value for immersed flow will result in an electron beam with a wide range of adjustable high current densities. The design tools used have been INTMAG(C) for the calculation of magnetic fields, EGN2(C) for the simulation of the gun and ANALYSE(C) for detailed analysis of the results (for more information see www.egun-igun.com). 相似文献
5.
Ronald J. Jandacek Jeffrey J. Kester A. J. Papa Thomas J. Wehmeier Peter Y. T. Lin 《Lipids》1999,34(8):771-783
Olestra is a mixture of compounds comprising sucrose esterified with 6–8 long-chain fatty acids. It is not hydrolyzed by pancreatic
lipase and as a result is not absorbed from the small intestine. Olestra in general has physical properties similar to those
of a triacylglycerol with the same fatty acid composition. Foods made with olestra are virtually identical in taste and texture
to those made with typical triacylglycerols. Olestra consumption does not generate hydrolytic products in the small intestine
and, therefore, does not generate some of the signals that alter motility in the gastrointestinal tract. A reduction in gastroesophageal
reflux with olestra, in contrast to triacylglycerols, is consistent with a lack of effect on stomach emptying. Unlike triacylglycerols
that are absorbed in the proximal small intestine, olestra is distributed throughout the small intestine during transit and
passes into the colon. In the colon, olestra's effects depend on its physical properties. Liquid nondigestible lipids result
in separation of oil from the fecal matrix. Olestra formulations made with specific fatty acid compositions, particularly
those containing a solid sucrose polyester component including behenic acid, possess appropriate rheology to hinder separation
of oil from the rest of the fecal matrix, thereby reducing gastrointestinal symptoms. 相似文献
6.
The effects of four hypertext learning environments with a hierarchical graphical overview were studied on the coherence of the node sequence, extraneous load and comprehension. Navigation patterns were influenced by the type of overview provided (i.e., dynamic, static) and whether navigation was restricted (i.e., restricted, non-restricted). It was hypothesised that redundant use of the overview for inducing a high-coherence reading sequence would result in high extraneous load and low comprehension. Coherence was higher in the dynamic than in the static conditions. Coherence was also higher in the restricted than in the non-restricted conditions. Mental effort as a measure of extraneous load was higher at the end than at the beginning of the learning phase, especially in the dynamic restricted and the static non-restricted conditions, although there was no significant interaction. Comprehension was lowest in the dynamic restricted condition and highest in the dynamic non-restricted and static restricted conditions. Low comprehension in the dynamic restricted condition indicates that overviews can become redundant for reading sequence coherence, negatively impacting comprehension. The evidence suggests that severe restriction of navigation paths should be avoided and that continuous use of overviews such as in dynamic overviews may be detrimental to learning. 相似文献
7.
Various lipids, mounted on a polar filter paper matrix, were evaluated as barriers to O2 transmission Among those lipids tested, stearyl alcohol was most resistant to oxygen transmission, the most likely reason
being its ability to crystallize as compactly overlapping platelets with their planes normal to the direction of O2 diffusion. Tristearin, beeswax, and acetylated monoglycerides were, respectively, 39, 43 and 61% less resistant to O2 transmission than the fatty alcohol. Activation energies of O2 transport were. 7.0, 7.5, 15.0 and 27.5 kcal/mole, respectively, for stearyl alcohol, tristearin, beeswax, and acetylated
monoglycerides. Stearic acid was substantially less resistant to O2 flux than the above four lipids. In addition, the fatty acid was unique among the, lipids tested in its temperature dependence,
i.e., resistance to O2 transmission increased with elevation of temperature yielding a negative activation energy of −17.2 kcal/mole. This was attributed
to the presence of small interplatelet channels in the stearic acid film, which presumably act as the principal route for
gas transport. Hexatriacontane displayed poor O2 barrier properties compared to the other lipids, a consequence of relatively large pores in the alkane film. 相似文献
8.
Fully-hydrogenated soybean and rapeseed oil was blended 2:1, layered on a filter paper support, adjusted to the desired polymorphic
form and tested for resistance to transmission to oxygen and water vapor. Resistance to oxygen transport decreased upon conversion
from α to the β′ form and then increased substantially upon conversion to the β polymorph. This was attributed to the greater
solid-state density of the β form, which likely affects resistance to gas flux by lowering the oxygen diffusion constant through
the film. Resistance to water vapor transmission also decreased following the α to β′ transition and then increased somewhat
upon conversion to the β form. However, resistance of the β form did not exceed that of the α form at any of the temperatures
tested. Moisture sorption characteristics of the various polymorphic forms apparently caused relative resistance values for
water vapor flux to differ, somewhat from those for oxygen flux. 相似文献
9.
A transcript map for the 2.8-Mb region containing the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 locus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
10.